tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73796615368357970322024-02-19T23:38:01.044-08:00Essay on freedom writersTopics For A 25 Page Essaytenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.comBlogger173125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-14160321059778213622020-08-26T10:53:00.001-07:002020-08-26T10:53:11.640-07:00The Internet and Social Networking-Free-Samples for StudentsQuestion: Compose a Critical Commentary on the 2 bits of the Internet and Social Networking Natalie Fenton and Facebook and the Imperative of sharing Jose van Dijck. Answer: The Internet and long range interpersonal communication Natalie Fenton: The web has carried different strategies to gather and report the data. Further, it is alluded to as the new news coverage open to the tenderfoots, lacking article control and has been coming from anyplace. The web with the long range interpersonal communication has included new methods of composing, working in the system with a large number of divided crowds. In this manner it is a perfect law based model of the current occasions. This with the long range interpersonal communication administrations has been building the online networks of the individuals sharing interests or exercises who have been keen on investigating the exercises and premiums of others. Limit of this has been founded on web and conveying different manners by which clients could connect with texting, email and others. The article shows that the Internet has been a beneficial asset to instruct and learn. The web alongside person to person communication is seen as the subsequent age website composition and web improvement. It has been described as the data sharing, encouraging correspondence, client focused structure, correspondence and the coordinated effort on World Wide Web. This has prompted the creating and the advancing of the electronic networks, web applications and facilitated administrations. Cases of this incorporate the video-sharing locales, interpersonal interaction destinations, web journals, wikis, folksonomies and mashups. The ascent of this innovation is fabulous as indicated by the creator. There have been about 1.5 billion web clients around the globe. It has essentially the most recent marvel of high essentialness for the social, political and financial existence of the current society. Notwithstanding this, the article has taken a deterministic point of view and accepted that the capability of the Internet has acknowledged in an adequately transformative way. This new application has been making a fundamental advantage of the stage, conveying the product as the ceaselessly redesigned administration. It is improving the more individuals have been utilizing that. It has been remixing and devouring the information from different sources. This incorporates the individual clients, offering their types of assistance and information in a structure permitting the remixing by the others. Further, it is the insurgency of business the business of PCs that is brought about by the transition to the Internet as the stage. Also, the creator finishes by saying that it is the endeavor of understanding the standards of accomplishment on that stage. The boss among the states is the construct applications tackling the impacts of the system for getting increasingly more created as the more individuals have been utilizing them. Facebook and the basic of sharing Jose van Dijck: The article shows that the sharing, rather than security has become a standard. Facebooks establishment has been by sharing, straightforwardness and social data. In this way the impact of the site has given its strength over the impression of the protection under the computerized spaces. The clients and the innovation highlighted different situations where the long range interpersonal communication site changes its strategies. They have likewise opened their client data to the outside organizations. At that point, Facebook will undoubtedly apologize for those offenses after the clients voiced every one of their shock. Along these lines it was obvious to the clients that the site has been serving the interests of the associations rather than its clients. The creator likewise noticed that the substance component has been managing different upgrades and the current timetables. Here all the things that somebody gas entered to Facebook could be gotten in a true to life connection heredity. The structure decisions formed the substance and the clients responses. The structure has had the option to change or structure the data. Further, the proprietorship has been playing gradually to impact Facebook. This has been on the substance and the clients as well as different organizations as well. Van Dijck showed that the plan of action of Facebook had been most eminently the unfriendly exercise in careful control. This has been acting between the movement of the invigorating clients and abusing that. The achievement has been relying upon the readiness of the clients for contributing the information permitting the majority of the information mining. The Facebook has been losing its effectiveness as the stage. Be that as it may, the philosophy and structure have spread easily over the properties of the online sociality. This shows the impact would support for quite a while according to the conversation. Be that as it may, Facebook has required the clients for their substance and information for being productive. Be that as it may, there is a discussion that to what extent before the protection concerns have ended up being sufficient for the clients for leaving the spaces for that they have been feeling is less exploitive. More exploration of the option on this article must reveal insight into the spots what Facebook could accomplish in the up and coming barely any years. Consequently it has had a basic past on the web based life. Further, a few hypotheses could help in better comprehension of the past history. List of sources: Fenton, N., 2012. The web and social networking.Misunderstanding the web, pp.123-148. Van Dijck, J., 2013. Facebook and the Imperative of Sharing.The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media. tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-79238717775534945222020-08-22T07:56:00.001-07:002020-08-22T07:56:41.985-07:00Motif of Blood in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature CourseworkTheme of Blood in Macbeth Shakespeare In William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Macbeth, the theme of blood plays a significant factor in the system of the theme.â A theme is a precise way to deal with reveal the genuine importance of the play.â Macbeth, the principle character in the play, figures he can shamefully progress to the title of ruler with no variety of his legit self.â The blood on Macbethââ¬â¢s hands shows the blame he should convey in the wake of plotting against King Duncan and longing for his crown. à â â â â â â â â â â Shakespeare utilized the picture of blood to depict the focal thought of Macbeth, King Duncanââ¬â¢s murder.â The wrongdoing is foreshadowed in the second scene of the first act.â The ruler yells, ââ¬Å" What bleeding man is that?â⬠(I,ii,1)â He is alluding to a fighter rolling in from battle.â The trooper at that point discloses to King Duncan of Macbethââ¬â¢s heroics in battle.â One accept that Macbeth is ridiculous simply like the soldier.â The officer portrays Macbeth in real life ââ¬Å"Disdaining Fortune, with his waved steel,/Which smoked with wicked execution.â⬠(I,ii,17-18)â This line interfaces Macbeth with killing, and indicates what's to come. à â â â â â â â â â â The underhanded deed of killing the ruler turns out to be an over the top weight on the Macbeths.â The blood speaks to their wrongdoing, and they can not get away from the transgression of their actions.â Macbeth understands that in time he would get what he deserves.â Since he can not ride himself of his blame by washing the blood away, his destiny may have been sealed.â They à try to utilize water for vindication, however Macbeth says that all the water in the sea couldn't wash down his hands.â He envisions the blood from the homicide recoloring the sea red.â Lady à Macbeth contrasts from her significant other in this aspect.â She trusts her heart would be washed down at the time her hands are genuinely cleaned.â She reveals to her better half to have indistinguishable convictions from she or he would be headed to insanity.â Ironically, Lady Macbeth is the one that is headed to the verge of lunacy as she ends it all toward the finish of the tragedy.â à The picture and aroma of blood represents the ceaseless blame of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth.â The blood on their hands speaks to the powerlessness to revoke the homicide from their memories.â While sleepwalking, Lady Macbeth was irritated with own hands.â She was seen mumbling, ââ¬Å"Out cursed spot! Out, I say!â⬠(V,I,39)à This demonstrates her insidious deed in still on her still, small voice. tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-52652526664717872912020-08-18T10:35:00.001-07:002020-08-18T10:35:02.682-07:00Interested in a career as a U.S. diplomat COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions BlogInterested in a career as a U.S. diplomat COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog ***FELLOWSHIP ANNOUNCEMENT*** The Charles B. Rangel International Affairs Graduate Fellowship Program awards fellowships toward tuition, room, board, books and mandatory fees for completion of a two-year masterâs degree. (In 2015 the Rangel Program plans to award 30 fellowships of up to $35,000 annually.) The Fellowship welcomes applications from individuals who want to make a difference in the world through service as Foreign Ser vice Officers in the U.S. Department of State. At the conclusion of two years of study, the Rangel Fellow is expected to obtain a degree in international affairs or another area of relevance to the work of the Foreign Service (such as public administration, public policy, business administration, foreign languages, economics, political science, or communications) at a graduate or professional school. Awardees are expected to maintain a cumulative GPA of 3.2 throughout their period of study. Only U.S. Citizens will be considered as applicants. Applicants must be in the senior year of their undergraduate study or have completed their undergraduate degree and must be seeking admission to enter graduate school for a two-year program. Applicants must have a cumulative grade point average of 3.2 or higher on a 4.0 scale at the time of application. Consideration will be given to qualified applicants who, in addition to outstanding leadership skills and academic achievement, demonstrate financial need. Awardees may be in their senior year of college or may have recently graduated from college and be engaged in a relevant career. A candidateâs community, academic, extracurricular, and leadership activities will be considered during the selection process. The application deadline is Wednesday, January 14, 2015. Apply here. tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-39153495184429219902020-05-24T09:11:00.001-07:002020-05-24T09:11:05.692-07:00Brain Cancer - 1755 Words 8700629 1 8700629 Teacher B Period 1 3 December 2010 Brain Cancer in Children Brain Cancer is a common disease amongst children today. There is a lot of information concerning brain cancer, available to anyone who wishes to learn more of the disease. There are different types of brain tumors. As a matter of fact, there are over 100 types of brain tumors! Cancers of the brain are the result of abnormal growth of cells in the brain. They also can arise from organs that contain cancer cells which have spread to the brain by the bloodstream. Cancer is one of the hardest disease to cure and there is not a known cure, but there is extensive research in progress. Brain cancer is more common in children than adults. Tumors ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Surgery is basically done to clarify that the mass on the brain scan in indeed a tumor. 8700629 4 Chemotherapy is a cancer drug which is used to treat brain cancer. Radiation therapy is high energy rays that kill and shrink cancer cells. Some steroids are used to treat and prevent swelling of the brain. You will some what lose motor skills and muscle strength. Continuous follow up care to help care for the disease is highly recommended. According to some in depth research , long term survival varies depending on the different types of cancer your child has. Excessive therapy is highly recommended for the best prognosis. Rehabilitation for loss of muscle strength may be required. A childs speech therapist, physical therapist, and occupational therapist qualify in helping the surviving child get through the hard times after the surgery. It is not always possible that these treatments will completely cure the cancer that your child is dealing with. People know brain cancer can be a very scary disease. Use your cell phone with care. Studies have shown that people who use their cell phones on a regular basis have higher chances of getting a brain tumor, which can later develop into cancer, is 240% higher then someone who stays off the phone. Cell phones give off radioactive waves which attack brain cells. The primary cause is still unknown, people still try and fins ways to prevent it. AvoidingShow MoreRelatedEssay on Brain Cancer996 Words à |à 4 PagesThe brain is made up of millions upon millions of cells. These cells are formed from before birth, up until about 7 years old. Once these brain cells stop dividing, they are never meant to divide again. You can see that the division of brain cells is under strict regulation and control. When this control is lost in a single cell, then it starts dividing in an uncontrolled manner. All of the data obtained through research on cancer shows that this disease is caused by a rapidly dividing cell, withRead MoreInternet: A Cancer to the Brain926 Words à |à 4 PagesFor many years, the heated debate over the influence of electronic media on the brain has become a significant topic for educational enforcers, but now students should also be convinced to uncover the threats media have on the brain. Though electronic media is a convenient medium that emphasizes ââ¬Å"efficiencyâ⬠, it encourages students to recycle archives of informative materials instead of diving into the depths of language and discovering new approaches. In the opinion editorial, ââ¬Å"Mind over Mass Mediaâ⬠Read MoreThe Case Of Brain Cancer Essay1788 Words à |à 8 Pages One of the most basic ways to approach any situation is to research general information, basic facts, and a logical or scientific output given from a credible source. In the case of brain cancer, this would involve a doctor with a background in oncological training, perhaps surgery, or a familiarity of the technology used in surgical proceedings from a medical standpoint. Science and medicine are disciplines that have progressed exorbitantly in the preceding decades. One such breakthrough was theRead MoreBeing Diagnosed With Brain Cancer1797 Words à |à 8 PagesBeing diagnosed with brain cancer can be a very frightful and stressful situation. Upon receiving a diagnosis, a patient must choose where they will seek treatment. As the National Brain Tumor Society explains in the article ââ¬Å"Treatment Optionsâ⬠, there are different factors that go into selecting an appropriate treatment facility; some of which include age, over all health, and medical history. A patient must als o consider the type of tumor, location, and size of the tumor as well. Another factorRead MoreBrain And Central Nervous System Cancers1895 Words à |à 8 Pagesââ¬Æ' Prà ©cis Brain and Central Nervous System Cancers By Elissah Granger In healthy individuals, cells grow, divide and die in a highly regulated fashion. When irreparable damage occurs to DNA this cycle is interrupted; resulting in apoptosis, programmed cell death, or uncontrolled cell growth, known as cancer. Cancer is the leading cause of death in Australia, accounting for about 3 in 10 deaths (Cancer Council, 2014). 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Apparently in recent years there has been much research completed looking for a solid answer to the question. Essentially, people are worried about their brains being microwave, breaking bonds and causing genetic damage and consequently a cancerous tumor to evolve. For example, the New York Times magazine articleRead MoreThe Use Of Nanotechnology On Other Types Of Brain Cancer930 Words à |à 4 Pagesof brain cancer, and other types of brain diseases have been mostly untreatable due to the blood brain barrier (BBB). There have been drugs produced that are effec-tive in treating these diseases, but simply cannot bypass the barrier due to its special properties. It serves to restrict and control the movement of molecules in and out of the brain. In recent years, the use of nanotechnology show promise with their abilities to bypass the BBB to deliver drugs and small molecules into the brain. GoldRead MoreCauses Of Cannabidiol ( CBD ) May Inhibit Brain Cancer730 Words à |à 3 PagesCannabidiol (CBD) May Inhibit Brain Cancer According to the American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA), roughly 80,000 new cases of primary brain tumors are expected to be diagnosed in 2017, including more than 26,000 primary malignant and 53,000 non-malignant brain tumors. Source http://www.abta.org/about-us/news/brain-tumor-statistics/?referrer=https://www.google.com/ Studies suggest that cannabinoids possess antitumor properties, and particular emphasis placed on cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactiveRead MoreBrain Cancer : The Formation Of A Tumor Or Intracranial Neoplasm Abnormalities1924 Words à |à 8 PagesAsa Frankowski BR200 Section 01 Brain Cancer Treatment Abstract: Brain cancer is the formation of a tumor or intracranial neoplasm abnormalities in the brain. The two main types of tumors are malignant or cancerous tumors and benign tumors. The spreading of cancer to other parts of the body is called metastasis. Detection of brain cancer is typically done using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and confirmed by biopsy. The class of the tumor falls into different categories and treatment is determined tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-31271402072918667492020-05-13T13:12:00.001-07:002020-05-13T13:12:03.473-07:00Euthanasia Should Not Be Legal - 1204 Words What is euthanasia? Euthanasia is defined as the deliberate act of killing of a person who is suffering from a terminal disease, which therefore ends their pain and suffering. This practice is often known as a ââ¬Å"mercy killing.â⬠What makes voluntary euthanasia different from euthanasia? Voluntary euthanasia can be described as a ââ¬Å"mercy killingâ⬠made at the request of the patient to end their life in a manner that minimizes further pain and discomfort. While the practice remains controversial universally, it begs the question, should a terminally ill patient or a patient with a low quality of life due to chronic pain be allowed to die on their terms? I will show how a utilitarian would argue that the suffering endured by theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦But, the fact remains that euthanasia is still considered murder in most regions. Therefore, in this context, it seems that the utilitarian intent is overshadowed by the dark reality of death and criminal charges. There are limits to quantifying happiness or suffering to measure the quality of oneââ¬â¢s life. If one ends their life, then there is no practical relevance because the dead do not feel happiness or suffering (Singer, 2003, p. 529). Jojo Moyes wrote the book Me Before You that was later turned into a film that tells the tale of the once vibrant, charismatic, and wild Will Traynor, whose zest for life was altered by a freak accident that left him an angry, emotio nally barren quadriplegic determined to end his self-perceived meaningless, pain filled life. Desperate to save her son, Willââ¬â¢s mother hires Louisa Clark to be his caretaker. His motherââ¬â¢s hope is that Louisa can show will that his life is still worth living. When Louisa discovers that it is Willââ¬â¢s intention to go to Switzerland to end his life, she is determined to change his mind, despite the happy moments, Will cannot be dissuaded. With his parents and Louisa at his bedside, Will gazes out the window of the suite and peacefully dies (Moyes, 2012). The story is the perfect example of a made-for-Hollywood movie that inspires people to consider voluntary euthanasia as an alternative to palliative care. The book and film are well written andShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia Should Not Be Legal1683 Words à |à 7 PagesEuthanasia is derived from the Greek, ââ¬Å"euâ⬠meaning good, and ââ¬Å"thanatosâ⬠translating to death, together the word makes ââ¬Å "good deathâ⬠. A person who is terminally ill often goes through excruciating pain and suffering. Ultimately, the right to euthanize a terminally ill patient should be legal across the nation because that person doesnââ¬â¢t see an end to their anguish, so they wish to turn to euthanasia. Euthanasia frees the patientââ¬â¢s body and mind, lets them die with dignity, and their loved ones donââ¬â¢tRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal? Essay1449 Words à |à 6 Pages Euthanasia: The Right to Die Euthanasia is a concept that has been around for a very long time. It has been practiced since ancient Greece. We all have different opinions towards it; some of us might be for it and others against it. In most parts of the world Euthanasia is illegal. Many countries have denied the right to euthanasia, but is that fair and ethical? It is the painless killing of a patientââ¬â¢s agony from an incurable and painful disease. Euthanasia should be legal. SomeoneRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1387 Words à |à 6 Pagesunexpectedlyâ⬠(Wpadmin). This shows that many people show aversion towards euthanasia and would not want themselves to be euthanized. Euthanasia occurs when someone is suffering from a painful or incurable disease and they prefer to die. It is done by taking them off of life support or not giving them essential supplies to live such as food, medications, oxygen, and more. There are countless debates of whether or not euthanasia should be legal, and whethe r or not it benefits people. Some countries allow itRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1061 Words à |à 5 PagesDetermining Euthanasia Millions of precious lives have been deliberately taken throughout the world due to the new Euthanasia Law. Euthanasia is the practicing of assisted suicide, due to terminally ill patients or depression. The practicing has just been legalized September 2015, and will be put into effect in California January 1 2016. Although, it is still being argued if adolescents should have the right fro this and if itââ¬â¢s morally correct all together. Euthanasia should be illegalRead MoreEuthanasia Should Not Be Legal1520 Words à |à 7 Pages Euthanasia or commonly known as Physician-Assisted Suicide is defined as the painless killing of a patient who is suffering from an incurable and painful disease or is in an irreversible coma. It is an act that speeds up death. Some people consider euthanasia to be a mercy killing and others consider it to be murder. This practice is illegal in most countries. In the United States, however, six states have legalized physician-assisted suicide even though most states, 44 to be more specific, haveRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1919 Words à |à 8 Pages Euthanasia is a widely debated topic of the 21st century. Many places have legalized it, others refuse to even talk about the subject. However, more and more people are wanting their right to die to be recognized while others fight back against that right. A lot has to go into the backing and thinking about euthanasia, beginning with the different types that there are. After that, you would have to look at both sides to analyze why it would be a good practice to have, or a bad one. ManyRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1311 Words à |à 6 Pageshave used euthanasia, or physician assisted suicide. They used it with the purpose of releasing their soul and the pain that they could not endure any longer. Euthanasia is a process provided by the medical system today that involves active and passive euthanasia. Physician assisted suicide is spreading across the world, and people are using it legally. In the U.S, euthanasia has been legalized in some states so people are trying t o take advantage of it. Many people have used euthanasia so they wouldRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1360 Words à |à 6 PagesOwadara Adedamola ENG 101 Prof. Skeen 24 November 2015 Legalizing Euthanasia ââ¬Å"Euthanasia is defined as conduct that brings about an easy and painless death for persons suffering from an incurable or painful disease or conditionâ⬠(Muckart, et al 259). Euthanasia, also dying with dignity, is the practice of the termination of a terminally ill person s life in order to relieve them of their suffering. Euthanasia is one of todayââ¬â¢s most controversial health issues with debates on peopleââ¬â¢s rightRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?2146 Words à |à 9 PagesWho should be in charge of ending your life? Understanding euthanasia in its entirety can only be met when one knows the various forms it can take. They include passive, active, voluntary, and involuntary. Passive euthanasia refers to the practice of medical practitioners refraining from providing treatment in turn, allowing death. Active euthanasia, on the other hand, involves the deliberate killing of a person, using medical skills and knowledge as an instrument (Sheldon). The primary concern inRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1183 Words à |à 5 PagesThe word euthanasia is defined as good death, but this meaning cannot be taken literally without analyzing its underlying implications (Vaughn 595). The primary issues that must be raised when discussing euthanasia are differentiating between active and passive forms, analyzing the values that people place on their life and realizing that euthanasia is beneficial. Euthanasia provides a means for patients who are in agony to be relieved of their condition while ensuring that doctors follow appropriate tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-80947921449702802902020-05-06T13:51:00.001-07:002020-05-06T13:51:06.644-07:00Midaq Alley as the Woman Free Essays The women of the Middle East would continue to uphold their traditional image, even though in their heart of hearts many of them may be yearning for plain liberty.à The chief character of Naguib Mahfouzââ¬â¢s Midaq Alley (1992) is a woman by the name of Hamida, who must put up acts to stay true to her traditions, at the same time as she yearns for something beyond the ordinary.à Yet, her passage into a world where men and women must be considered equal is a narrow one. We will write a custom essay sample on Midaq Alley as the Woman or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a matter of fact, her life is the Midaq Alley, which ââ¬Å"resembles a ââ¬Ëtrap,ââ¬â¢ with walls on three sides, making darkness one of its pervasive features (Deeb).â⬠à What is more, there is a very narrow entrance and an equally narrow exit to the small alley ââ¬â away from the big, outside world ââ¬â that the Middle Eastern woman has come to represent in Mahfouzââ¬â¢s novel (Deeb). Yet, Hamida is not the kind to give up easily.à She sneers at her husbands-to-be simply because she wants something better than them, most definitely a life that is more prosperous, and outright superior, that is, the big, outside world.à She considers her husbands-to-be as nonentities because she thinks she can achieve well for herself without them.à At the same time, she is bounded by Middle Eastern customs and culture to choose one prospect and get married like ordinary girls (Mahfouz). Hamida admires the women who have escaped their marital bonds.à She is especially inspired by the factory girls she knows ââ¬â who all happen to be Jewish.à She informs her mother about the same, ââ¬Å"If you had seen the factory girls!à You should just see those Jewish girls who go to work.à They all go about in nice clothes.à Well, what is the point of life then if we canââ¬â¢t wear what we want? (Mahfouz)â⬠According to Middle Eastern customs for women, Hamida must control her true desires before the cultural expectations that are attached to all women.à All the same, Mahfouz brings to the mindââ¬â¢s eye the picture of Middle Eastern women that are longing to free themselves from the bonds of patriarchy, and all the rules of society that are connected to the same.à Apparently, the Middle Eastern women would also like to free themselves from the difficult clothing they are forced to wear. Perhaps they would like breaks from such clothing.à While women such as Hamida may genuinely face a problem with restrictive customs, Mahfouz also describes the ââ¬Ëproperââ¬â¢ girls that are not expected to show their desires anyway.à Boys of the Middle East, on the contrary, are allowed various other facilities, also according to the author.à Boys are permitted, among other things, access to sex, nightlife, and friendships outside the family (Mahfouz). When Hamida gets married to Abbas, she only does so to escape her motherââ¬â¢s home.à Escape seems to be her only wish.à She turns into a prostitute as soon as her husband leaves home for an indefinite period of time.à But, does she find her eventual escape route through this act?à It appears that while many Middle Eastern women may be searching for escape routes from traditions, once and for all, it was only Hamida who actually managed to escape.à Whether she had dreamt of reaching a brothel or not is not the point of Mahfouzââ¬â¢s tale. The fact remains that Hamida had no choice to live a liberated life as a Middle Eastern woman, except as a prostitute.à Most Middle Eastern women would shun the idea of prostitution altogether, calling it a major sin.à However, Hamida was so desperate to escape that she defied the common image of the Middle Eastern woman to truly escape her cultural constraints, once and for all.à Whether she also found happiness is not the concern of the author either.à Hamidaââ¬â¢s liberation, on the other hand, is an important message of Midaq Alley (Mahfouz). Hamida was the kind who merely upheld the traditional image of the Middle Eastern woman, just as many other Middle Eastern women probably do.à At the same time, she was desperate enough to express her suppressed desires of liberation that she chose the career of prostitution so as to escape all associations with the patriarchal traditions.à Perhaps, therefore, Mahfouzââ¬â¢s writing is a warning for the extremely strict movements that reduce people to suppressed desperation, which eventually bursts into crimes and various other problems (Mahfouz). Works Cited Deeb, Marius. ââ¬Å"Najib Mahfuzââ¬â¢s Midaq Alley: A Socio-Cultural Analysis.â⬠à Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies), Vol. 10, No. 2 (1983), pp. 121-130. Mahfouz, Naguib. Midaq Alley. Reprint edition. New York: Anchor, 1992. à How to cite Midaq Alley as the Woman, Essay examples tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-44063942476285588012020-05-04T23:15:00.001-07:002020-05-04T23:15:03.052-07:00Euripides Hippolytus Essay Example For Students Euripides Hippolytus Essay A monologue from the play by Euripides NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Plays of Euripides in English, vol. ii. Trans. Shelley Dean Milman. London: J.M. Dent Sons, 1922. NURSE: O queen, at first, an instantaneous shock,I, from the history of thy woes, received:Now am I sensible my fears were groundless.But frequently the second thoughts of manAre more discreet; for there is nothing strangeNought, in thy sufferings, foreign to the courseOf nature: thee the goddess in her rageInvades. Thou lovst. And why should this surprise?Many as well as thee have done the same.Art thou resolved to cast thy life awayBecause thou lovst? How wretched were the stateOf those who love, and shall hereafter love,If death must thence ensue! For though too strongTo be withstood, when she with all her mightAssails us, Venus gently visits thoseWho yield; but if she light on one who soarsWith proud and overweening views too high,As thou mayst well conceive, to utter scornSuch she exposes; through the boundless tractsOf air she glides, and reigns midst oceans waves:All things from her their origin derive,Tis she that in each breast the genial seedsOf potent love infuses, and fro m loveDescends each tribe that fills the peopled earth.Thy who with ancient writings have conversed,And ever dwell among the tuneful Nine,Know how to Theban Semeles embraceFlew amorous Jove, how bright Aurora stoleYoung Cephalus, and placed among the godsThe object of her passion: yet in HeavenThey still reside, where unabashed they meetTheir kindred gods; those gods, because they feelA sympathetic wound, I deem, indulgeTheir weakness: and wilt thou refuse to bearLike imperfections? Nature on these termsDecreed thou from thy father shouldst receiveThy being: look for other gods, or yieldSubmission to these laws. Hast thou observed,How many husbands, men who are enduedWith a superior wisdom, when they seeThe nuptial bed by secret lust defiled,Appear as though they saw not: and how oftThe fathers, if their sons transgress, conniveAt their unhappy passion? To concealUnseemly actions is no trifling partOf human wisdom; nor should man his lifeForm with too great precision; for the roof,T he covering from the storm, the builder leavesLess fair, less highly finished. If immersedIn evils great as those thou hast described,How canst thou hope to scape? But if thy virtues,Since thou art only human, far exceedThy failings, it is well with thee: desist,O my loved daughter, from thy evil purpose,And cease to utter these reproachful words:For there is nought but contumelious prideIn thy endeavour to be yet more perfectThan the immortal gods: endure thy passionWith fortitude, since twas the will divineThat thou shouldst love: but give a prosperous turn,If possible, to thy disease. For songsThere are with magic virtues fraught, and wordsWhich soothe the soul: hence an effectual cureMay be obtained: in such discovery manWould long in vain be busied, to our sexIf no spontaneous stratagem occur. tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-80463016715477401572020-03-30T16:33:00.001-07:002020-03-30T16:33:02.128-07:00Alcohol1 essaysAlcohol1 essays There are some 14 million people in the United States and 1 out of every 13 adults are considered alcoholics or at least experience drinking problems to some degree. Most people just dont understand the consequences of drinking. Alcoholism is a disease and unless something is done, more and more will be affected by this dangerous drug. A bad withdraw from this drug can lead to death, not even heroin results in death as The majority of people see alcohol as a social outlet and does not consider it to be as dangerous as it may really be. Alcoholism is an often-progressive disease with symptoms that include a strong need to drink despite negative consequences, such as serious job and health problems. The thing about alcohol is that a person does not need to be an alcoholic to experience problems with alcohol. Just a couple of drinks for anyone can result in irresponsible behavior, clumsiness, slurred speech, loss of balance, If you are diagnosed as an alcoholic you can not just try to cut down on drinking and think that this will help. Studies show that nearly all alcoholics who try to merely cut down on drinking are unable to do so indefinitely. Instead, cutting out alcohol is nearly necessary for successful recovery. Alcohol has direct toxic as well as sedative effects on the body, and failure to take care of nutritional and other physical needs during prolonged periods of excessive drinking may further complicate matters. Some cases even require hospitalization. The effects on major organ systems can be dramatic. A wide rang of digestive-systems can be affected, such as ulcers, inflammation of the pancreas, and cirrhosis of the liver. The central and peripheral nervous systems can be permanently damaged. In advanced cases, abstinence from alcohol may result in a ... tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-13673932779206589912020-03-07T13:58:00.001-08:002020-03-07T13:58:02.691-08:00Habits and Traits of Stoneflies, Order PlecopteraHabits and Traits of Stoneflies, Order Plecoptera Aquatic stonefly nymphs live only in cool, clean streams, and are an important bioindicator of good water quality. Stoneflies belong to the order Plecoptera, which comes from the Greek for twisted wings. Description Adult stoneflies are fairly drab insects, with flattened, soft bodies. They hold their wings flat over the bodies when at rest. Stonefly adults have long, threadlike antennae, and a pair of cerci extends from the abdomen. Stoneflies have two compound eyes and three simple eyes and chewing mouthparts, though not all species feed as adults. Stoneflies fly poorly, so they dont stray far from the stream where they lived as nymphs. Adults are short-lived. Stoneflies exhibit unusual courtship behavior. The males drum their abdomens on a substrate to send an acoustic signal to potential female mates. A receptive female drums her response. The pair will continue to drum to each other, gradually moving closer and closer until they meet, and mate. After mating, females deposit their eggs in the water. Stonefly nymphs develop slowly, taking 1 to 3 years to molt repeatedly before emerging as adults. Stoneflies are so named because the nymphs often live under stones in streams or rivers. They feed on a variety of plant and animal matter, both dead and living, depending on the species and age of the nymph. Habitat and Distribution As nymphs, stoneflies inhabit cold, fast-flowing streams in pristine condition. Adult stoneflies are terrestrial but tend to stay close to the streams from which they emerge. Worldwide, entomologists identify about 2,000 stonefly species, about a third of which live in the U.S. and Canada. Major Families in the Order Family Perlidae - common stonefliesFamily Leuctridae - rolled-winged stonefliesFamily Taeniopterygidae - winter stonefliesFamily Nemouridae - spring stoneflies Families and Genera of Interest Adult stoneflies in the subfamily Isoperlinae appear to be pollen feeders.Female Pteronarcys dorsata stoneflies measure as much as 55 cm in length.Nymphs of the family Peltoperlidae resemble cockroaches.The Lake Tahoe benthic stonefly, Capnia lacustra, spends its entire life cycle (even as an adult) deep within Lake Tahoe. It is an endemic species to Lake Tahoe. Sources Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th Edition, Charles A. Triplehorn, and Norman F. Johnson.Order Plecoptera - Stoneflies, Bugguide.net. Accessed online February 15, 2011.Guide to Aquatic Insects and Crustaceans, Izaak Walton League of America. tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-15317721357156902522020-02-20T05:24:00.001-08:002020-02-20T05:24:02.053-08:00The Process of Successful Selling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsThe Process of Successful Selling - Essay Example Knowing about a product means knowing the strength of the product as well as flaws of the product. There are different types of customer who would come to a seller. Some of the customers will be aware of the product completely while others may be new and very cynical. It is the acquired skill of a seller to sell the product to the older customer in a complete newer way that they stay attracted towards the product for longer periods (Schiffman). For the purpose of selling a product to a new and cynical customer, it is recommended that the seller use the metaphors to compare product with other products of the market and highlight the significance of product. A seller needs to be very clever in this regard. Being a clever seller means, being informed about the marketing strategies and newer intervention in the product range (Schiffman). A successful seller can also be regarded as a squirrel who knows which nut is worth saving and which one to discard. A successful seller exactly knows which customer is a potential buyer. If a seller learns the art to weed out customers who are not worth enough for the product sell, then a seller will automatically turn into a successful seller. Need of a product would simultaneously gets increased with the effective marketing and campaigns that would be used for the sale of products and goods. The marketing campaigns such as APPLEââ¬â¢s strategic marketing campaigns are considered to be one of the worldââ¬â¢s brilliant marketing campaigns. It is due to the active selling and marketing techniques that add value to a consumer good or product (Schiffman). A successful seller is supposed to be loaded with the tool kit of effective selling of his or her products for sale. The tool kit or in other words, the components that are required for the preparation of effective selling of products include prospects, techniques, conditions and final transit. By prospects of product, it simply means that a tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-12038862841464323432020-02-04T17:01:00.001-08:002020-02-04T17:01:03.008-08:00Motivation for Turkish entry to the European Union EssayMotivation for Turkish entry to the European Union - Essay Example As a result of that the tensions of the Cold War between America and Soviet Union were visible in Europe until the cold war ends during the latter parts of twentieth century. Soon after the ending of cold war, European and American countries started thinking about cooperation rather than conflicts. As a result of that, ideologies like globalization has entered the horizon. The ending of cold war helped Eastern Europe to reduce its gap with Western Europe. The unification of two Germanys gave momentum to this process. The call for regional integration or a unified Europe or European Union started to become a hotly debated topic after the unification of the two Germanys. ââ¬Å"The term ââ¬Å"regional integrationâ⬠means combining parts into a whole, according to the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionaryâ⬠(Dosenrode, 2010, p.4). Moreover, the theories of Federalism and Functionalism, put forward by prominent scholars gave momentum to the integration process of Europe. It shou ld be noted that Europe was functioning not as a whole, but as parts until the unification of the Germanys. The efforts for European integration were started immediately after WWII. ... Turkey is one country which is trying hard to become a permanent member in EU. Turkey is a Eurasian country of strategic importance because of its geographic location in between Asia and Europe. Its boundaries are located in two continents: Europe and Asia. That is why EU members are considering Turkey as a semi-European country. ââ¬Å"Turkeyà has not yet become a member of theà EU. Nevertheless,à Turkey's candidacy to join theà EUà is still one of the most considerable and controversial topics within the European political arenaâ⬠(Kunnecke, 2013, p.527) Turkey has started its effort to acquire membership in the European Economic Community from 1987 onwards. Turkey is currently an associate member of the Western European Union. Moreover, they signed an agreement with the EU in 1995 and are officially recognized as a candidate for full membership now. Negotiations for accepting Turkey as full member of EU were started in 2005 and it is still going on. According to Aud as (2013, p.183) ââ¬Å"Turkeyà has been part of an ongoing process of integration with its European Union (EU) neighbours for year, and yet the debate for inclusion continuesâ⬠According to Cendrowicz (2009), Turkeyââ¬â¢s membership bid has become a major controversy of the ongoing enlargement of the European Union. He has pointed out that French President Nicolas Sarkozy and German Chancellor Angela Merkel are against the introduction of Turkey into EU because of the public opinion against Turkey in Europe. Moreover, the current Eurozone crisis is another factor which weakens Turkeyââ¬â¢s stakes for a membership in EU. Even though, Turkey is a secular democratic state, the influence of Islamic religion on political tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-63752556366993919302020-01-27T13:25:00.001-08:002020-01-27T13:25:03.798-08:00Supreme court of the ukSupreme court of the uk Introduction UK has created a new Supreme Court and had transformed the judiciary authority from the House of Lords by creating a new Supreme Court in the UK; it happened first time in the history of UK this procedure was distinctive and democratic in the society. ââ¬Ëââ¬ËThe focal area of creating new court was that they wants the judiciary to act as independent body because before that the judges of the higher court worked both as a legislature as well as judges in the house of lords, the main reason for creating a new court was that how fair it is for the judges to work as a judges in house of lords and as a officials in the parliament because the ââ¬Å"state invest the judiciary in both parliament and in the house of lords and it put the independency and impartially of the court at higher risk. The other prospect at that period was invented that the decision made by the law lords judges might be challenged by the court of human rights on the basis of ââ¬Ëfairness that they might be not be fair enough. In June 2003 the press conference was called and the Labour party announced the plan to generate a new Final Court in the United Kingdom. The debate was quite contentious, it was shocking news mainly for the parliament and for the public because it was new judiciary establishment for everyone and the issue arose that the House of Lords existed for the last hundreds of decays and for them creating a new supreme court was dishonouring and demolishing the history. ââ¬Ëââ¬ËThe debate of having a new Supreme Court whose members would not be a part of house of lord considered the issue of unjust between three national legal systems. The judges in the UK has not got that strong power like the judges in the United States they got strong supremacy to refuse or declare or say no to the ââ¬Ëstatute if its making trouble or inconveniences in their work but in the United kingdom they havent got this power i.e. if the parliament is passing the statute and if the judge say I dont think this statute should pass because it will create a problem or may be inconvenient for us in the future. The parliament will ignore the judiciary view and will do whatever they think is better because Parliament got the highest power. Judge has a very small room to fit in they will still apply the legislation if they think its not fair So, in simple words the law lords of the highest courts has no right and power to act in accordance to their convenience. Here the subject is what made Mr Blair to separate the judiciary from the parliament. The reason Mr Blair come to this unexpected constitutional reform is the conflict of Article 6 of Human Rights Act 1998 (ââ¬ËThe national court cannot ignore the 1998 Act if theres a conflict between) in Article6 its stated that Every one has a ââ¬Ëââ¬ËRight to a Fair Trial everyone is entitled to an independency and impartiality. So the question is how fair it is for the judiciary to work as a legislative in the parliament and as well as to perform their duty in the House of Lords as a law lords. ââ¬Å"In 2003 the council of Europe has questioned from the British government it was a real shameful for the British government they have questioned about the position of the Lord Chancellor, Lord Irvine of Lairg, he was the senior judge and was also a cabinet minister and a speaker of upper house of legislative. Its the point of the justice and fairness its unfair for one person holds many pow ers together. We had Lord Chancellors from the 20 centuries, sudden change was quite scandalous. Now the Lord Chief Justice is replaced by the Lord Chancellor, he will be responsible to look after the work and the performances of the courts. Although the issue is not about the judges undermining expertise, performances of the work they do but its about the righteousness. ââ¬Ëââ¬ËImpartiality and independency must be measured against both subjectively and objectively standards. As it is been observed in ââ¬Ëââ¬ËFindlay V United Kingdom [1997]24 EHHR 221 , Where a solider has challenged the court martial procedure on the basis that the senior officer arranged a meeting, he appointed his members and the junior officer who was under his order. Had power to break up an official agreement regarding the court martial. Hereafter, again in the case of ââ¬Ëââ¬ËMorris V United Kingdom (application on 38784/97) [2002] ECHR 38784/97. In this case the applicant complained to the European court of human rights on the basis that in the court martial in his case, it was a violation of his right to a fair trial in Article 6 of European Convention of Human Rights. In simple words there was no independency in the court martial, the two officers for specific purpose chosen were also in compatible with the court martial independency. The decision of the reviewing authority to change the decision of the court martial was also in compatible with independence. The third intention is the new role of the Privy Council and transferring to the Supreme Court. ââ¬Ëââ¬ËMoreover they will take all the devolution cases from the Scotland, N. Ireland and Wales. Finally the New Supreme Court is officially opened on the 9th October 2009 and there will be 11 permanent law lords and the cost of the building was aprox57 million. Conclusion: âËâ Its only a debating question, its also difficult for Great Britain to abolish its conventions. This proposed Supreme Court may disturb the whole convention and political history but on the other hand the separation of the House of Lords will give the judiciary full independency to take the decision without any outside pressure but practically it wont happened. The new Supreme Court is not as powerful as the U.S is, because British is a unitary form of Govt. It will be so difficult for Supreme Court to get high degree of place in the society. BIBLOGRAPHY http://www.justice.org.uk/images/pdfs/supreme.pdf (i) See http://medlibrary.org/medwiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom (9/12/09) V.Bodganor, Building the New Supreme court: National and Comparative Perspectives,[2005]Law Quarterly Review, p1,Westlaw. Robert.W, Robert, W. ââ¬ËThe New Supreme Court and the changes on the justice system, 2006, LIMUK 292 http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ACTS/acts1998/ukpga_19980042_en_3 (4/12/09) See The new Supreme Court and the changes in the justice system, 2006 by Robert Walker S.Roger;B Ruth, A Supreme Court for the United Kingdom Policy Paper Justice Nov 2002(The separation of powers)p.3 See Findlay v United Kingdom[1997] 24 EHRR 221 , Westlaw See Morris v United Kingdom (App no 38784/97)[2002]ECHR 38784/97, Westlaw. ee by Lord Bingham of Cornhill ; The Constitution Unit Spring Lecture 2002 tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-48420107598461432812020-01-19T09:48:00.001-08:002020-01-19T09:48:05.367-08:00Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room EssayThe Enron scandal, revealed in October 2001, eventually led to the bankruptcy of the Enron Corporation, an American energy company based in Houston, Texas, and the de facto dissolution of Arthur Andersen, which was one of the five largest audit and accountancy partnerships in the world. In addition to being the largest bankruptcy reorganization in American history at that time, Enron was attributed as the biggest audit failure. Enron was formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay after merging Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. Several years later, when Jeffrey Skilling was hired, he developed a staff of executives that, by the use of accounting loopholes, special purpose entities, and poor financial reporting, were able to hide billions of dollars in debt from failed deals and projects. Chief Financial Officer Andre Fastow and other executives not only misled Enronââ¬â¢s board of directors and audit committee on high-risk accounting practices, but also pressured Andersen to ignore the issues . Enron shareholders filed a $40 billion lawsuit after the companyââ¬â¢s stock price, which achieved a high of US$90.75 per share in mid-2000, plummeted to less than $1 by the end of November 2001. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began an investigation, and rival Houston competitor Dynegy offered to purchase the company at a very low price. The deal failed, and on December 2, 2001, Enron filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. Enronââ¬â¢s $63.4 billion in assets made it the largest corporate bankruptcy in U.S. history until WorldComââ¬â¢s bankruptcy the next year. Many executives at Enron were indicted for a variety of charges and were later sentenced to prison. Enronââ¬â¢s auditor, Arthur Andersen, was found guilty in a United States District Court, but by the time the ruling was overturned at the U.S. Supreme Court, the company had lost the majority of its customers and had closed. Employees and shareholders received l imited returns in lawsuits, despite losing billions in pensions and stock prices. As a consequence of the scandal, new regulations and legislation were enacted to expand the accuracy of financial reporting for public companies. One piece of legislation, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, increased penalties for destroying, altering, or fabricating records in federal investigations or for attempting to defraud shareholders. The act also increased the accountability of auditing firms to remain unbiased and independent of their clients. Rise ofà Enron In 1985, Kenneth Lay merged the natural gas pipeline companies of Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth to form Enron. In the early 1990s, he helped to initiate the selling of electricity at market prices and, soon after, the United States Congress approved legislation deregulating the sale of natural gas. The resulting markets made it possible for traders such as Enron to sell energy at higher prices, thereby significantly increasing its revenue. After producers and local governments decried the resultant price volatility and asked for increased regulation, strong lobbying on the part of Enron and others allowed for the proliferation of crony capitalism. As Enron became the largest seller of natural gas in North America by 1992, its gas contracts trading earned earnings before interest and taxes of $122 million, the second largest contributor to the companyââ¬â¢s net income. The November 1999 creation of the EnronOnline trading website allowed the company to better manage its contra cts trading business. In an attempt to achieve further growth, Enron pursued a diversification strategy. The company owned and operated a variety of assets including gas pipelines, electricity plants, pulp and paper plants, water plants, and broadband services across the globe. The corporation also gained additional revenue by trading contracts for the same array of products and services with which it was involved. Enronââ¬â¢s stock increased from the start of the 1990s until year-end 1998 by 311% percent, only modestly higher than the average rate of growth in the Standard & Poor 500 index. However, the stock increased by 56% in 1999 and a further 87% in 2000, compared to a 20% increase and a 10% decrease for the index during the same years. By December 31, 2000, Enronââ¬â¢s stock was priced at $83.13 and its market capitalization exceeded $60 billion, 70 times earnings and six times book value, an indication of the stock marketââ¬â¢s high expectations about its future prospects. In addition, Enron was rated the most innovative large company in America in Fortuneââ¬â¢s Most Admired Companies survey. Causes of downfall Enronââ¬â¢s complex financial statements were confusing to shareholders and analysts. In addition, its complex business model and unethical practices required that the company use accounting limitations to misrepresentà earnings and modify the balance sheet to indicate favorable performance. The combination of these issues later resulted in the bankruptcy of the company, and the majority of them were perpetuated by the indirect knowledge or direct actions of Lay,Jeffrey Skilling, Andrew Fastow, and other executives. Lay served as the chairman of the company in its last few years, and approved of the actions of Skilling and Fastow although he did not always inquire about the details. Skilling constantly focused on meeting Wall Street expectations, advocated the use of mark-to-market accounting (accounting based on market value, which was then inflated) and pressured Enron executives to find new ways to hide its debt. Fastow and other executives ââ¬Å"â⬠¦created off-balance-s heet vehicles, complex financing structures, and deals so bewildering that few people could understand them.â⬠Revenue recognition Main article: Revenue recognition Enron and other energy suppliers earned profits by providing services such as wholesale trading and risk management in addition to building and maintaining electric power plants, natural gas pipelines, storage, and processing facilities. When accepting the risk of buying and selling products, merchants are allowed to report the selling price as revenues and the productsââ¬â¢ costs as cost of goods sold. In contrast, an ââ¬Å"agentâ⬠provides a service to the customer, but does not take the same risks as merchants for buying and selling. Service providers, when classified as agents, are able to report trading and brokerage fees as revenue, although not for the full value of the transaction. Although trading companies such as Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch used the conventional ââ¬Å"agent modelâ⬠for reporting revenue (where only the trading or brokerage fee would be reported as revenue), Enron instead elected to report the entire value of each of its trades as revenue . This ââ¬Å"merchant modelâ⬠was considered much more aggressive in the accounting interpretation than the agent model. Enronââ¬â¢s method of reporting inflated trading revenue was later adopted by other companies in the energy trading industry in an attempt to stay competitive with the companyââ¬â¢s large increase in revenue. Other energy companies such as Duke Energy, Reliant Energy, and Dynegy joined Enron in the wealthiest 50 of the Fortune 500 mainly due to their adoption of the same trading revenueà accounting as Enron. Between 1996 and 2000, Enronââ¬â¢s revenues increased by more than 750%, rising from $13.3 billion in 1996 to $100.8 billion in 2000. This extensive expansion of 65% per year was unprecedented in any industry, including the energy industry which typically considered growth of 2ââ¬â3% per year to be respectable. For just the first nine months of 2001, Enron reported $138.7 billion in revenues, which placed the company at the sixth position on the Fortune Global 500. Mark-to-market accounting Main article: Mark-to-market accounting In Enronââ¬â¢s natural gas business, the accounting had been fairly straightforward: in each time period, the company listed actual costs of supplying the gas and actual revenues received from selling it. However, when Skilling joined the company, he demanded that the trading business adopt mark-to-market accounting, citing that it would represent ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ true economic value.â⬠Enron became the first non-financial company to use the method to account for its complex long-term contracts. The mark-to-market method requires estimations of future incomes when a long-term contract is signed. These estimations are based on the future net value of the cash flow, costs related to the contract were often hard to predict. Often, the viability of these contracts and their related costs were difficult to estimate. Due to the large discrepancies of attempting to match profits and cash, investors were typically given false or misleading reports. While using the method, income from p rojects could be recorded, although they might not have ever received the money, and in turn increasing financial earnings on the books. However, in future years, the profits could not be included, so new and additional income had to be included from more projects to develop additional growth to appease investors. As one Enron competitor stated, ââ¬Å"If you accelerate your income, then you have to keep doing more and more deals to show the same or rising income.â⬠Despite potential pitfalls, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) approved the accounting method for Enron in its trading of natural gas futures contracts on January 30, 1992. However, Enron later expanded its use to other areas in the company to help it meet Wall Street projections. For one contract, in July 2000, Enron and Blockbuster Video signed a 20-year agreement to introduce on-demand entertainment to various U.S. cities by year-end. After severalà pilot projects, Enron recognized estimated profits of more than $110 million from the deal, even though analysts questioned the technical viability and market demand of the service. Whe n the network failed to work, Blockbuster withdrew from the contract. Enron continued to recognize future profits, even though the deal resulted in a loss. Special purpose entities Main article: Special purpose entity Enron used special purpose entitiesââ¬âlimited partnerships or companies created to fulfill a temporary or specific purposeââ¬âto fund or manage risks associated with specific assets. The company elected to disclose minimal details on its use of ââ¬Å"special purpose entitiesâ⬠. These ââ¬Å"shell firmsâ⬠were created by a sponsor, but funded by independent equity investors and debt financing. For financial reporting purposes, a series of rules dictates whether a special purpose entity is a separate entity from the sponsor. In total, by 2001, Enron had used hundreds of special purpose entities to hide its debt. Enron used a number of special purpose entities, such as partnerships in its Thomas and Condor tax shelters, financial asset securitization investment trusts (FASITs) in the Apache deal, real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) in the Steele deal, and REMICs and real estate investment trusts (REITs) in the Cochise deal. The special purpose entities were used for more than just circumventing accounting conventions. As a result of one violation, Enronââ¬â¢s balance sheet understated its liabilities and overstated its equity, and its earnings were overstated. Enron disclosed to its shareholders that it had hedged downside risk in its own illiquid investments using special purpose entities. However, the investors were oblivious to the fact that the special purpose entities were actually using the companyââ¬â¢s own stock and financial guarantees to finance these hedges. This prevented Enron from being protected from the downside risk. Notable examples of special purpose entities that Enron employed were JEDI, Chewco, Whitewing, and LJM. Executive compensation Although Enronââ¬â¢s compensation and performance management system was designed to retain and reward its most valuable employees, the system contributed to a dysfunctional corporate culture that became obsessed with short-termà earnings to maximize bonuses. Employees constantly tried to start deals, often disregarding the quality of cash flow or profits, in order to get a better rating for their performance review. Additionally, accounting results were recorded as soon as possible to keep up with the companyââ¬â¢s stock price. This practice helped ensure deal-makers and executives received large cash bonuses and stock options. The companyââ¬â¢s main focus was its stock price. Management was compensated extensively using stock options, similar to other U.S. companies. This policy of stock option awards caused management to create expectations of intense growth in efforts to give the appearance of reported earnings to meet Wall Streetââ¬â¢s expectations. The stock ticker was located all throughout the company buildings, including the lobbies, elevators, and computers. At budget meetings, Skilling would develop target earnings by asking ââ¬Å"What earnings do you need to keep our stock price up?â⬠and that number would be used, even if it was not feasible. At December 31, 2000, Enron had 96 million shares outstanding as stock option plans(approximately 13% of common shares outstanding). Enronââ¬â¢s proxy statement stated that, within three years, these awards were expected to be exercised. Using Enronââ¬â¢s January 2001 stock price of $83.13 and the directorsââ¬â¢ beneficial ownership reported in the 2001 proxy, the value of director stock ownership was $659 million for Lay, and $174 million for Skilling. Skilling believed that if employees were constantly worried about cost, it would hinder original thinking. As a result, extravagant spending was rampant throughout the company, especially among the executives. Employees had large expense accounts and many executives were paid sometimes twice as much as competitors. In 1998, the top 200 highest-paid employees received $193 million from salaries, bonuses, and stock. Two years later, the figure jumped to $1.4 billion. Timeline of downfall ââ¬Å"At the beginning of 2001, the Enron Corporation, the worldââ¬â¢s dominant energy trader, appeared unstoppable. The companyââ¬â¢s decade-long effort to persuade lawmakers to deregulate electricity markets had succeeded from California to New York. Its ties to the Bush administration assured that its views would be heard in Washington. Its sales, profits and stock were soaring.â⬠A. Berenson and R. A. Oppel, Jr. The New York Times, Oct 28, 2001. In February 2001, Chief Accounting Officer Rick Causey told budget managers: ââ¬Å"From anà accounting standpoint, this will be our easiest year ever. Weââ¬â¢ve got 2001 in the bag.â⬠On March 5, Bethany McLeanââ¬â¢sFortune article Is Enron Overpriced? questioned how Enron could maintain its high stock value, which was trading at 55 times its earnings. She argued that analysts and investors did not know exactly how Enron was earning its income. McLean was first drawn to the companyââ¬â¢s situation after an ana lyst suggested she view the companyââ¬â¢s 10-K report, where she found ââ¬Å"strange transactionsâ⬠, ââ¬Å"erratic cash flowâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"huge debt.â⬠She telephoned Skilling to discuss her findings prior to publishing the article, but he called her ââ¬Å"unethicalâ⬠for not properly researching the company. Fastow cited two Fortune reporters that Enron could not reveal earnings details as the company had more than 1,200 trading books for assorted commodities and did ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ not want anyone to know whatââ¬â¢s on those books. We donââ¬â¢t want to tell anyone where weââ¬â¢re making money.â⬠In a conference call on April 17, 2001, then-Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Skilling verbally attacked Wall Street analyst Richard Grubman, who questioned Enronââ¬â¢s unusual accounting practice during a recorded conference call. When Grubman complained that Enron was the only company that could not release a balance sheet along with its earnings statements, Skilling replied ââ¬Å"Well, thank you very much, we appreciate that â⬠¦ asshole.â⬠This became an inside joke among many Enron employees, mocking Grubman for his perceived meddling rather than Skillingââ¬â¢s offensiveness, with slogans such as ââ¬Å"Ask Why, Assholeâ⬠, a variation on Enronââ¬â¢s official slogan ââ¬Å"Ask whyâ⬠. However, Skillingââ¬â¢s comment was met with dismay and astonishment by press and public, as he had previously disdained criticism of Enron coolly or humorously. By the late 1990s Enronââ¬â¢s stock was trading for $80ââ¬â90 per share, and few seemed to concern themselves with the opacity of the companyââ¬â¢s financial disclosures. In mid-July 2001, Enron reported revenues of $50.1 billion, almost triple year-to-date, and beating analystsââ¬â¢ estimates by 3 cents a share. Despite this, Enronââ¬â¢s profit margin had stayed at a modest average of about 2.1%, and its share price had decreased by more than 30% since the same quarter of 2000. As time passed, a number of serious concerns confronted the company. Enron had recently faced several serious operational challenges, namely logistical difficulties in operating a new broadband communications trading unit, and the losses from constructing the Dabhol Power project, a large power plant in India. Thereà was also increasing criticism of the company for the role that its subsidiary Enron Energy Services had in the California electricity crisis of 2000-2001. ââ¬Å"There are no accounting issues, no trading issues, no reserve issues, no previously unknown problem issues. I think I can honestly say that the company is probably in the strongest and best shape that it has probably ever been in.â⬠(Kenneth Lay answering an analystââ¬â¢s question on August 14, 2001.) On August 14, Skilling announced he was resigning his position as CEO after only six months. Skilling had long served as president and COO before being promoted to CEO. Skilling cited personal reasons for leaving the company. Observers noted that in the months before his exit, Skilling had sold at minimum 450,000 shares of Enron at a value of around $33 million (though he still owned over a million shares at the date of his departure). Nevertheless, Lay, who was serving as chairman at Enron, assured surprised m arket watchers that there would be ââ¬Å"no change in the performance or outlook of the company going forwardâ⬠from Skillingââ¬â¢s departure. Lay announced he himself would re-assume the position of chief executive officer. Investorsââ¬â¢ confidence declines Something is rotten with the state of Enron. ââ¬âThe New York Times, Sept 9, 2001. By the end of August 2001, his companyââ¬â¢s stock value still falling, Lay named Greg Whalley, president and COO of Enron Wholesale Services and Mark Frevert, to positions in the chairmanââ¬â¢s office. Some observers suggested that Enronââ¬â¢s investors were in significant need of reassurance, not only because the companyââ¬â¢s business was difficult to understand (even ââ¬Å"indecipherableâ⬠) but also because it was difficult to properly describe the company in financial statements. One analyst stated ââ¬Å"itââ¬â¢s really hard for analysts to determine where [Enron] are making money in a given quarter and where they are losing money.â⬠Lay accepted that Enronââ¬â¢s business was very complex, but asserted that analysts would ââ¬Å"never get all the information they wantâ⬠to satisfy their curiosity. He also explained that the complexity of the business was due largely to tax strategies and position-hedging. Layââ¬â¢s efforts seemed to meet wit h limited success; by September 9, one prominent hedge fund manager noted that ââ¬Å"[Enron] stock is trading under a cloud.â⬠The sudden departure of Skilling combined withà the opacity of Enronââ¬â¢s accounting books made proper assessment difficult for Wall Street. In addition, the company admitted to repeatedly using ââ¬Å"related-party transactions,â⬠which some feared could be too-easily used to transfer losses that might otherwise appear on Enronââ¬â¢s own balance sheet. A particularly troubling aspect of this technique was that several of the ââ¬Å"related-partyâ⬠entities had been or were being controlled by CFO Fastow. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, media attention shifted away from the company and its troubles; a little less than a month later Enron announced its intention to begin the process of selling its lower-margin assets in favor of its core businesses of gas and electricity trading. This policy included selling Portland General Electric to another Oregon utility, Northwest Natural Gas, for about $1.9 billion in cash and stock, and possibly selling its 65% stake i n the Dabhol project in India. Restructuring losses and SEC investigation On October 16, 2001, Enron announced that restatements to its financial statements for years 1997 to 2000 were necessary to correct accounting violations. The restatements for the period reduced earnings by $613 million (or 23% of reported profits during the period), increased liabilities at the end of 2000 by $628 million (6% of reported liabilities and 5.5% of reported equity), and reduced equity at the end of 2000 by $1.2 billion (10% of reported equity). Additionally, in January Jeff Skilling had asserted that the broadband unit alone was worth $35 billion, a claim also mistrusted. An analyst at Standard & Poorââ¬â¢s said ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t think anyone knows what the broadband operation is worth.â⬠Enronââ¬â¢s management team claimed the losses were mostly due to investment losses, along with charges such as about $180 million in money spent restructuring the companyââ¬â¢s troubled broadband trading unit. In a statement, Lay revealed, ââ¬Å"After a thorough review of our businesses, we have decided to take these charges to clear away issues that have clouded the performance and earnings potential of our core energy businesses.â⬠Some analysts were unnerved. David Fleischer at Goldman Sachs, an analyst termed previously ââ¬Ëone of the companyââ¬â¢s strongest supportersââ¬â¢ asserted that the Enron management ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ lost credibility and have to reprove themselves. They need to convince investors these earnings are real, that the company is for real and that growth will be realized.â⬠Fastow disclosedà to Enronââ¬â¢s board of directors on October 22 that he earned $30 million from compensation arrangements when managing the LJM limited partnerships. That day, the share price of Enron decreased to $20.65, down $5.40 in one day, after the announcement by the SEC that it was investigating the various suspicious activities of Enron, characterizing them as ââ¬Å"some of the most opaque transactions with insiders ever seenâ⬠Attempting to explain the billion-dollar charge and calm investors, Enronââ¬â¢s disclosures spoke of ââ¬Å"share settled costless collar arrangements,â⬠ââ¬Å"derivative instruments which eliminated the contingent nature of existing restricted forward contracts,â⬠and strategies that served ââ¬Å"to hedge certain merchant investments and other assets.â⬠Such puzzling phraseology left many analysts feeling ignorant about just how Enron managed its business. Regarding the SEC investigation, chairman and CEO Lay said, ââ¬Å"We will cooperate fully with the S.E.C. and look forward to the opportunity to put any concern about these transactions to rest.â⬠Two days later, on October 25, d espite his reassurances days earlier, Lay dismissed Fastow from his position, citing ââ¬Å"In my continued discussions with the financial community, it became clear to me that restoring investor confidence would require us to replace Andy as CFO.â⬠However, with Skilling and Fastow now both departed, some analysts feared that revealing the companyââ¬â¢s practices would be made all the more difficult. Enronââ¬â¢s stock was now trading at $16.41, having lost half its value in a little more than a week. On October 27 the company began buying back all its commercial paper, valued at around $3.3 billion, in an effort to calm investor fears about Enronââ¬â¢s supply of cash. Enron financed the re-purchase by depleting its lines of credit at several banks. While the companyââ¬â¢s debt rating was still considered investment-grade, its bonds were trading at levels slightly less, making future sales problematic. As the month came to a close, serious concerns were being raised by some observers regarding Enronââ¬â¢s possible manipulation of accepted accounting rules; however, analysis was claimed to be impossible based on the incomplete information provided by Enron. Industry analysts feared that Enron was the new Long-Term Capital Management, the hedge fund whose bankruptcy in 1998 threatened systemic failure of the international financial markets. Enronââ¬â¢s tremendous presence worried some about the consequences of the companyââ¬â¢s possible bankruptcy. Enron executives accepted questions in written form only. Proposed buyout by Dynegy Sources claimed that Enron was planning to explain its business practices more fully within the coming days, as a confidence-building gesture. Enronââ¬â¢s stock was now trading at around $7, as investors worried that the company would not be able to find a buyer. After it received a wide spectrum of rejections, Enron management apparently found a buyer when the board of Dynegy, another energy trader based in Houston, voted late at night on November 7 to acquire Enron at a very low price of about $8 billion in stock. Chevron Texaco, which at the time owned about a quarter of Dynegy, agreed to provide Enron with $2.5 billion in cash, specifically $1 billion at first and the rest when the deal was completed. Dynegy would also be required to assume nearly $13 billion of debt, plus any other debt hitherto occluded by the Enron managementââ¬â¢s secretive business practices, possibly as much as $10 billion in ââ¬Å"hiddenâ⬠debt. Dynegy and Enron confirmed their deal on November 8, 2001. Commentators remarked on the different corporate cultures between Dynegy and Enron, and on the ââ¬Å"straight-talkingâ⬠personality of the CEO of Dynegy, Charles Watson. Some wondered if Enronââ¬â¢s troubles had not simply been the result of innocent accounting errors. By November, Enron was asserting that the billion-plus ââ¬Å"one-time chargesâ⬠disclosed in October should in reality have been $200 million, with the rest of the amount simply corrections of dormant accounting mistakes. Many feared other ââ¬Å"mistakesâ⬠and restatements might yet be revealed. Another major correction of Enronââ¬â¢s earnings was announced on November 9, with a reduction of $591 million of the stated revenue of years 1997ââ¬â2000. The charges were said to come largely from two special purpose partnerships (JEDI and Chewco). The corrections resulted in the virtual elimination of profit for fiscal year 1997, with significant reductions for the other years. Despite this disclosure, Dynegy declared it still intended to purchase Enron. Both companies were said to be anxious to receive an official assessment of the proposed sale from Moodyââ¬â¢s and S&P presumably to understand the effect the completion of any buyout transaction would have on Dynegy and Enronââ¬â¢s credit rating. In addition, concerns were raised regarding antitrust regulatory restrictions resulting in possible divestiture, along with what to some observers were the radically different corporate cultures of Enron and Dynegy. Both companiesà promoted the deal aggressively, and some observers were hopeful; Watson was praised for attempting to create the largest company on the energy market. At the time, Watson said ââ¬Å"We feel [Enron] is a very solid company with plenty of capacity to withstand whatever happens the next few months.â⬠One analyst called the deal ââ¬Å"a whopper [â⬠¦] a very good deal financially, certainly should be a good deal strategically, and provides some immediate balance-sheet backstop for Enron.â⬠Credit issues were becoming more critical, however. Around the time the buyout was made public, Moodyââ¬â¢s and S&P both reduced Enronââ¬â¢s rating to just one notch above junk status. Were the companyââ¬â¢s rating to fall below investment-grade, its ability to trade would be severely limited if there was a reduction or elimination of its credit lines with competitors. In a conference call, S&P affirmed that, were Enron not to be bought, S&P would reduce its ra ting to low BB or high B, ratings noted as being within junk status. Additionally, many traders had limited their involvement with Enron, or stopped doing business altogether, fearing more bad news. Watson again attempted to re-assure, attesting at a presentation to investors that there was ââ¬Å"nothing wrong with Enronââ¬â¢s businessâ⬠. He also acknowledged that remunerative steps (in the form of more stock options) would have to be taken to redress the animosity of many Enron employees for management after it was revealed that Lay and other officials had sold hundreds of millions of dollarsââ¬â¢ worth of stock during the months prior to the crisis. The situation was not helped by the disclosure that Lay, his ââ¬Å"reputation in tattersâ⬠, stood to receive a payment of $60 million as a change-of-control fee subsequent to the Dynegy acquisition, while many Enron employees had seen their retirement accounts, which were based largely on Enron stock, decimated as the price decreased 90% in a year. An official at a company owned by Enron stated ââ¬Å"We had some married couples who both worked who lost as much as $800,000 or $900,000. It pretty much wiped out every employeeââ¬â¢s savings plan.â⬠Watson assured investors that the true nature of Enronââ¬â¢s business had been made apparent to him: â⬠Å"We have comfort there is not another shoe to drop. If there is no shoe, this is a phenomenally good transaction.â⬠Watson further asserted that Enronââ¬â¢s energy trading part alone was worth the price Dynegy was paying for the whole company. By mid-November, Enron announced it was planning to sell about $8 billion worth of underperforming assets, along with a general plan to reduceà its scale for the sake of financial stability. On November 19 Enron disclosed to the public further evidence of its critical state of affairs. Most pressingly that the company had debt repayment obligations in the range of $9 billion by the end of 2002. Such debts were ââ¬Å"vastly in excessâ⬠of its available cash. Also, the success of measures to preserve its solvency were not guaranteed, specifically as regarded asset sales and debt refinancing. In a statement, Enron revealed ââ¬Å"An adverse outcome with respect to any of these matters would likely have a material adverse impact on Enronââ¬â¢s ability to continue as a going concern.â⬠Two days later, on November 21, Wall Street expressed serious doubts that Dynegy would proceed with its deal at all, or would seek to radically renegotiate. Furthermore Enron revealed in a 10-Q filing that almost all the money it had recently borrowed for purposes including buying its commercial paper, or about $5 billion, had been exhausted in just 50 days. Analysts were unnerved at the revelation, especially since Dynegy was reported to have also been unaware of Enronââ¬â¢s rate of cash use. In order to end the proposed buyout, Dynegy would need to legally demonstrate a ââ¬Å"material changeâ⬠in the circumstances of the transaction; as late as November 22, sources close to Dynegy were skeptical that the latest revelations constituted sufficient grounds. The SEC announced it had filed civil fraud complaints against Andersen. A few days later, sources claimed Enron and Dynegy were renegotiating the terms of their arrangement. Dynegy now demanded Enron agree to be bought for $4 billion rather than the previous $8 billion. Observers were reporting difficulties in ascertaining which of Enronââ¬â¢s operations, if any, were profi table. Reports described an en masse shift of business to Enronââ¬â¢s competitors for the sake of risk exposure reduction. Bankruptcy Enronââ¬â¢s stock price (former NYSE ticker symbol: ENE) from August 23, 2000 ($90) to January 11, 2002 ($0.12). As a result of the decrease of the stock price, shareholders lost nearly $11 billion. On November 28, 2001, Enronââ¬â¢s two worst-possible outcomes came true: Dynegy Inc. unilaterally disengaged from the proposed acquisition of the company, and Enronââ¬â¢s credit rating was reduced to junk status. Watson later said ââ¬Å"At the end, you couldnââ¬â¢t give it [Enron] to me.â⬠The company had very little cash with which to operate, let alone satisfy enormous debts. Its stock price fell to $0.61 at the end ofà the dayââ¬â¢s trading. One editorial observer wrote that ââ¬Å"Enron is now shorthand for the perfect financial storm.â⬠Systemic consequences were felt, as Enronââ¬â¢s creditors and other energy trading companies suffered the loss of several percentage points. Some analysts felt Enronââ¬â¢s failure indicated the risks of the postââ¬â September 11 economy, and encouraged traders to lock in profits where they could. The question now became how to determine the total exposure of the markets and other traders to Enronââ¬â¢s failure. Early calculations estimated $18.7 billion. One adviser stated, ââ¬Å"We donââ¬â¢t really know who is out there exposed to Enronââ¬â¢s credit. Iââ¬â¢m telling my clients to prepare for the worst.â⬠Enron was estimated to have about $23 billion in liabilities from both debt outstanding and guaranteed loans. Citigroup and JP Morgan Chase in particular appeared to have significant amounts to lose with Enronââ¬â¢s bankruptcy. Additionally, many of Enronââ¬â¢s major assets were pledged to lenders in order to secure loans, causing doubt about what if anything unsecured creditors and eventually stockholders might receive in bankruptcy proceedings. Enronââ¬â¢s European operations filed for bankruptcy on November 30, 2001, and it sought Chapter 11 protection two days later on December 2. It was the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history (before being surpassed by WorldComââ¬â¢s bankruptcy the next year), and resulted in 4,000 lost jobs. The day that Enron filed for bankruptcy, the employees were told to pack their belongings and were given 30 minutes to vacate the building. Nearly 62% of 15,000 employeesââ¬â¢ savings plans relied on Enron stock that was purchased at $83 in early 2001 and was now practically worthless. In its accounting work for Enron, Andersen had been sloppy and weak. But thatââ¬â¢s how Enron had always wanted it. In truth, even as they angrily pointed fingers, the two deserved each other. Bethany McLean and Peter Elkind in The Smartest Guys in the Room. On January 17, 2002 Enron dismissed Arthur Andersen as its auditor, citing its accounting advice and the destruction of documents. Andersen countered that it had already ended its relationship with the company when Enron became bankrupt. tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-8241230941044795362020-01-11T06:12:00.001-08:002020-01-11T06:12:04.243-08:00The Nile PaperRiver of Africa Surrounding landforms and availability of resources affect civilizations. The survival of countries in Africa relies on the Nile River. Physical landforms, climatic agriculture as well as ancient cultures and advances contribute to the effective utilization of the Nile. Various subdivisions and landforms along the coast of the river present tremendous opportunities for the Africans. Over time, the control of water intake and the substantial contribution of different climates create a vast diversity among the vegetation because of the proliferous soil by the Nileââ¬â¢s annual flood.The formation of ancient cultures, agriculture, and technologies significantly contributed to the developing countries adjacent the banks of the Nile. The tributaries, landforms and various transportation opportunities assist the Africans. The tributaries connect several locations in Africa to provide the countries with water, exploration, and fertile land. The portion of the river in Nor th Africa consists of three main sources: the White Nile, the Blue Nile, and the Atbara Rivers. The White Nile contains the largest mass of water so that during the dry season the river remains sustainable (Middleton vol. ). Western explorers investigated Africa because of the Blue Nile. The Blue Nile ââ¬Å"is the link between the Mediterranean and the Deep Interior;â⬠therefore, ââ¬Å"the search for its source drew many Western explorers into Africaâ⬠(Murray 170). Among many of the smaller tributaries, the Atbara provides water in Ethiopia during the dry season. The Atbara ââ¬Å"runs through the Ethiopian highlands during the wet seasons, but is dry from January to Juneâ⬠(Barrow). Therefore, it provides the amount of water suitable for the environment during that half of the year.The waters and soils of the Nile, the largest river in the world, supplies life to the barren desert and the riverââ¬â¢s neighboring area. The two lands surrounding the Nile affect t he flooding and climate zones. The black land ââ¬Å"was the fertile land on the banks of the Nileâ⬠(Barrow). Black layer contains silt which contains layers of sediments left behind from the annual flood; moreover, the sediments made the land useable for agriculture. The red land ââ¬Å"was a region of inhospitable desertâ⬠(Barrow). This region of desert protected the Egyptians from attack bordering the country.The headwaters of the flood water originate from the Ethiopian Highlands. Every summer, ââ¬Å"rain in the Ethiopian highlands sent a barrage of water that overflowed the banks of the Nileâ⬠(Barrow). Without the precipitation in the Ethiopian Highlands, the river would cease to provide any nutritional soil; as a result, the prominent agricultural land would indefinitely vanish from existence, leaving a barren, tundra like land. The waters contain numerous beneficial obstacles environing the area. The small ridges of the central plateaus mean that ââ¬Å"the lower courses of rivers are characterized by waterfalls and cataractsâ⬠(Murray 12).The cataracts and waterfalls redirect the course of the river, affecting the vegetation and farming around it. Settlement in Sudan depends on the river. The White Nile River flows ââ¬Å"north across the Sudanese border into the Sudd, the worldââ¬â¢s largest permanent swampâ⬠(Middleton 3: 66). Even though half of the riverââ¬â¢s water evaporates in the swamps, half of Sudanââ¬â¢s population lives among the banks of the subsidiary. The riverââ¬â¢s surrounding features, as well as the tributaries and waterfalls, significantly contribute to the welfare of the countryââ¬â¢s needs.Flooding and climate influence the vegetation in the area, which remains vital for existence. Irrigation manipulates the growth and development of agriculture; moreover, irrigation systems contribute to improve the effective utilization of the river. Because of the dry climate and vast desert surroundi ng the river, the irrigation remains for life. The continents ââ¬Å"unreliable rainfall and frequent drought make irrigation an essential tool for agricultureâ⬠(Middleton 2: 159). Irrigation supplies the water for the crops during the dry season, which remains essential for food. Flood cropping exemplifies ancient forms of irrigation and technology.The Egyptians would plant crops, and would then flourish when the river floods in the fall, followed by harvesting the crops in the winter; moreover, the people named the system basin irrigation for the pattern of events. (Middleton 2: 159). Flood cropping did not create an abundance of crops due to the unusual pattern of the great flood. In the early stages of developing irrigation, Egyptians formed a system called basin irrigation. When the Nile floods, the water fills the basin; as a result, when the river fell the farmers allowed ââ¬Å"the water to drain away and then plant crops in the wet soil left behindâ⬠(Middleton 2 : 159).Basin irrigation created a mass majority of the planted crops which created a bountiful amount of food for the people; however, the farmers could only plant crops once a year. The vegetation grown around the Nile River Basin depends merely on the flooding season and by the proliferous soil. The annual flood of the Nile contributes to the mass vegetation and of the cycle of growth. The close correlation between the distribution of soil and vegetation remains a significant factor for plant cover in soil formation. The flood produces soil needed for growth of various types of vegetation.When the annual flood recedes, the river leaves a ââ¬Å"thick layer of silt which was excellent soil to plant seeds in the soil after it had been ploughedâ⬠(Barrow). The silt provides the necessity to properly grow plants. The cycle of the growing crops consist of Akhet, Peret, and Shamuc. During the months of June through September, also known as the Akhet, the annually flood occurs; also , during these months, farming has ceased (Barrow). From the months of October through February, or the period called the Peret, the floodwaters recede, leaving a thick layer of silt; moreover, during this time the farmers plough the soil (Barrow).During the time of Shamuc, months from March through May, the farmers harvest the crops and workers repair the canals (Barrow). The three periods of time work in perfect tandem to grow crops. The vegetation grown in the Nile Basin depends on the soil for nutrients. One of the most prominent crops grown for centuries yet to come remains wheat and other types of grain along the Nile River. The grain along the Nile supplies people to make ââ¬Å"bread, porridge, and beer. After the grain was grown, they grew assorted fruitsâ⬠(Barrow).The vegetation grown in the Nile supplies the people with nourishment and trade opportunity. The climate along the Nile affects the type of vegetation grown along the banks as well as the human livelihood. The Nile consists of four climates: the tropical wet, the tropical dry, steppe, and desert. The tropical wet and tropical dry lie in the South of Africa, and they receive much rainfall, with some dry seasons (Boehm). The desert and steppe climate lie near the Mediterranean Sea, along the start of the Nile.They receive less than ten to fourteen inches of rain a year; moreover, they have little vegetation, leaving the various locations barren with extreme temperatures (Boehm). The strip of land along the Nile makes it hospitable because of the giant mass of water. Farmers use animals mostly for work, labor, and production of food. They would use these animals for ââ¬Å"trampling in the seeds, pulling the plough, eating unwanted grain and providing them with foodâ⬠(Barrow). The animals play an important role for the livelihood of the people by providing food, labor, and help with farming.The vegetation growth depends on the annual flood, climate, and animals of the area. The bas e of civilizations, technological advances, and cultures primarily exist in Africa because of the Nile, which makes it essential for the countries environing the area prosperous. Transportation began early for the Egyptians because of trade and fishing, but eventually they developed technologies for transferring goods to other countries. The ancient Egyptians developed boats from papyrus to obtain fish and materials for other necessities (Boehm). As the technologies advanced, other ideas arose to get to certain points in the river.The people would use ââ¬Å"steamers to transport only to a certain point in the riverâ⬠(Barrow). The steamers would eventually head to the Mediterranean through various tributaries until the goods traveled all around the world. This process would only be possible through the Nile River, which provided transportation to associate themselves with other countries. The start of a great civilization, Egypt, would progress only with the significant contri bution of the Nile River. Many Egyptians inhabited close to the Nile because it provided transportation, water, and amazing soil for growing crops.Through farming, the Egyptians created new mechanisms to make farming easier for the farmers. (Murray). A main source of food for the Egyptians remains fish. The most wanted fish from Africa today, the Nile Perch, has been shipped all around the world (Middleton Vol. 4). Today, almost all of the Egyptââ¬â¢s residents live along the Nile Delta or the along the course of the river. The river supplied the African countries with technology and culture, as well as the prominent ancient civilization of Egypt. Culture and energy existed because of the Nile Riverââ¬â¢s presence.Religion has been spread from country to country by the existence of the Nile tributaries. The capital of Sudan, Khartoum, lies between the White and Blue Nile. The spread of the Muslim religion has a major influence on the country, and ââ¬Å"it is the primary relig ion of the Nileâ⬠(Murray 173). The religion was established when Muhammad had begun preaching around the Nile Valley, spreading it to various parts of the continent. Along the banks of the Nile, the Egyptians harvested a plant named sorghum. Because of the sorghum, the Egyptians developed ââ¬Å"crafts such as boating, matting, basketry, and potteryâ⬠(Murray 46).The Nile provided vegetation and materials to further develop technologies in agriculture and aquaculture. Africans developed new technologies to harvest power from the water, and the future of energy, hydroelectric power. Today, ââ¬Å"electricity is provided by generators powered by the Aswan Damâ⬠(Boehm 426). The Nileââ¬â¢s Aswan Dam, developed to control the annual flood and preserve water, provides electricity for the people surrounded by the Nile. The Nile provided the ancient Egyptians with necessities, and the river continues to contribute to Egypt and Sudan today.Without the existence of the Nil e, Egypt would remain barren and underdeveloped. The base of Egyptian civilization and technologies developed the countries encircling the coast. Moreover, the Nile provides the people with food, electricity and transportation, which remain a significant aspect of everyday life. Although new developments have altered the need for the Nile, people still rely on the Nile. ? Works Cited Barrow, Mandy. Ancient Egyptian Farming. Chiddingstone Church of England School, Jan. 2013. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. Barrow, Mandy. The River Nile. Chiddingstone Church of England School, Jan. 013. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. Boehm, Richard G. World Geography and Cultures. Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2012. Print. Middleton, John. Ed. Africa; an Encyclopedia for Student. Volume 2. New York: Charles Scribnerââ¬â¢s Sons, 2002. Print. Middleton, John. Ed. Africa; an Encyclopedia for Student. Volume 3. New York: Charles Scribnerââ¬â¢s Sons, 2002. Print. Murray, Jocelyn. Ed. The Cultural Atlas of Africa. New York: Checkmark Books, 1998. Print. Nile, Battle of the: Nile River. Photograph. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. http://www. school. eb. com. com/eb/art-228/ ? tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-80813715719009325922020-01-03T02:36:00.001-08:002020-01-03T02:36:03.424-08:00Martin Luther s Life Changing Life - 1604 Words Martin Luther Kjerstine Martin HIST 101-04F May 1, 2016 Thu-ba-lump. A single horseââ¬â¢s hooves hit against the dirt as he runs down the road. Thu-ba-lump. Thunder claps overhead. Thu-ba-lump. Lightning pierces the ground, startling the horse and throwing the rider from it. On his knees, frightened for his life, he calls out into the storm, ââ¬Å"Help me, St. Anne! I will become a monk! (Christian History Magazine Staff, 2000)â⬠While no one knows exactly what happened on this day, it was quite possibly one of the most life-changing days in Martin Lutherââ¬â¢s life. For he escaped the storm unhurt, and as he had promised to God, he would join the monkhood (Harrison, 2002). Of course, his entry into the Church was just the beginning of a long journey that he was about to embark on in becoming one of the most influential men in history. Though living in sixteenth-century Germany, Martin Luther had one of the most significant influences upon the western world not only by arguing the Bible ââ¬â not the Church ââ¬â as the ultimate authority over people and that each believer a member of the priesthood, but also by challenging, and ultimately breaking, the crippling hold that the Church had on the people of his time. Martin Luther was born in 1483 Germany, a terribly dark time in their history. In Western Europe, the Spanish Inquisition was just getting started, and in Eastern Europe, the Plague was still traveling through towns and wiping out populations. When Luther was born, only oneShow MoreRelatedââ¬Å"I Am Happy To Join With You Today In What Will Go Down1420 Words à |à 6 Pages125) Being a hero means to be a leader. To be a leader you have to have strength, courage, and commitment. In the 1960s, there were many leaders fighting for what they believe is the right of freedom and equality of all people. A major leader, Martin Luther King Jr. was involved in the Civil Rights Movement during the 60s. King was influenced by advocates of nonviolence such as Mahatma Gandhi. He wanted to seek equal ity for African Americans that were underprivileged and victims of injustice throughRead MoreEssay on The Life of Martin Luther King Jr.1244 Words à |à 5 Pagesdevoted his life to changing the world. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born to Alberta and Martin Luther King. Alberta Williams King was born September 13, 1904 in Atlanta, Georgia. Martin Luther King, Sr. was born December 19, 1899 in Stockbridge, Georgia. Martins dad was a pastor at the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia. His mother was a school teacher. His siblings were Christine King Farris born September 11, 1927, and Alfred Daniel Williams King born July 30, 1930. Martin was theRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement911 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement: Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. changed history not only for African Americanââ¬â¢s, but for all who live in the United States. Martin was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia. As a child Martin attended many public segregated schools throughout Georgia until he graduated at the age of fifteen. Following high school, Martin Luther King Jr. attended many colleges such as, Morehouse College, Crozer Theological Seminary, and Boston University. While studyingRead MoreThe Death Of Martin Luther1013 Words à |à 5 Pages Martin Luther was born in Germany on November 10th, 1483. He was the son of Hans and Margarette Luther. In 1501 Martin entered the University of Erurt where he received a master of arts degree. He got a degree in grammar, logic, rhetoric and metaphysics which seemed as if he was becoming a lawyer. In 1505, Luther went through some life changing experiences which led him on a new course. He got caught in a storm where he plead out to St. Anne, Save me, St. Anne, and I have become a monkRead MoreThe 95 Theses By Martin Luther982 Words à |à 4 PagesFor this essay, I chose the 95 Theses by Martin Luther as my primary source. This primary source is a historical document that cause major uproars throughout Europe. The 95 Theses were written by Martin Luther in October of 1517. The 95 Theses were ninety-five statements written by Martin Luther in opposition to the Roman Catholic Church. They challenged the common practices of the Catholic Church, including indulgences and the authority of the pope. The 95 Theses sparked a theological debate thatRead MoreMartin Luther : Cuts All Ties With Catholic Church1712 Words à |à 7 PagesDecember 2015 Martin Luther: Cuts All Ties with Catholic Church I. Introduction Whether you believe in a higher power or not, religion has impacted our lives in some way. Vice versa, people can make an impact on religions and transform them to what we know today. Take for example Martin Luther. He was a man looking to simply reform the Roman Catholic Church and its preachingââ¬â¢s because he disagreed with it. With his many ideas, strong will, and criticisms, he forever changed the world. Martin challengedRead MoreThe Legacy Of Martin Luther915 Words à |à 4 Pages Martin Luther was a big deal in history. He had a big part in the reformation. Priests would take your money by telling you that you could get rid of your sin if you paid them. Martin knew that it was all a scam. He started going up against the priests, and telling the people that it was a scam. You could ask for forgiveness from God on your own for free. He fought for what he believed, and he made a good impact in history. Luther was a born in a peasant family. His father worked hard to keepRead MoreCivil Disobedience, And Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1018 Words à |à 5 Pagessociety. Historic figures such as Rosa Parks, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr. all acted civilly disobedience, but society benefitted from their movements. Civil disobedience is the underlying theme of Sophoclesââ¬â¢ Antigone and Martin Luther King Jr.ââ¬â¢s Letter From Birmingham Jail. The main character of Sophoclesââ¬â¢ Antigone, Antigone, acts civil disobedience, just as Dr. King acted civilly disobedient. Both Antigone and Martin Luther King Jr. fought to gain justice for the people who they believedRead MoreThe Appeal Of Indulgences By Johann Tetzel1407 Words à |à 6 PagesQuestion 1: Indulgences: The offer of indulgences was a practice where the congregation recognised a gift or other beneficent work with a bit of paper, a liberality, that ensured that the supplier s spirit would enter paradise all the more rapidly by lessening their time in limbo. The Church taught that if a man had submitted no genuine sins that ensured a spot in damnation and they kicked the bucket before apologising and making up for the greater part of their wrongdoings, then their spirit wentRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr1194 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿ Simmons 1 Gabrielle Simmons Mrs. Fitzgerald Social Studies 8A 4/27/10 Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. is a well known and an inspiring man to all cultures of the world. King was and still is one of the most influential heroes. King s views and believes helped African Americans through the 50 s and 60 s to the rights and liberties that was their right. King faced many obstacles on his journey, things like jail and even assassination attempts. Despite these obstacles, tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-64012001625933457052019-12-25T23:03:00.001-08:002019-12-25T23:03:02.846-08:00Symbolizing the Ideas and Beliefs in The Lottery - 1167 Words Throughout time people have adopted different types of customs and ideas. In ââ¬Å"The Lotteryâ⬠the people from the community are sacrificing in order for their crops to grow. Many lives are at risk and in fear despite the acceptance of their actions.Symbolism is something that represents ideas or qualities of an object. An example of this can be a dove which represents peace. In the short story The Lottery, it takes place in the late 40s early 50s. The whole story is a contradiction because you would think that having a lottery would be a good thing, but in this story it isnââ¬â¢t. Every year Mr. Graves, who has the most power in the community, gathers them together to have or to do a lottery. As he calls the names of each man to make sure theyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Mrs. Hutchinson ended up being the scapegoat of the group.â⬠She was chosen to be sacrificed and as the people were walking towards her to stone her they all gathered around like a cage and kept her there so she wouldnââ¬â¢t move or get away and just like any animal cage they do the same thing. Throughout the whole story they talk about the black box saying that if they do away with it their crops wonââ¬â¢t grow and that itââ¬â¢s a tradition. ââ¬Å"It holds the key between life and death for every single person in the community.â⬠It shows that is ado or die situation in and you must be apart of it in the community. It also represents tradition, ââ¬Å"Harsh tradition of our society many of which we carry out daily with knowing why. We have tradition because weââ¬â¢re so accustomed to it not knowing why we do it, people just go along with it and do it because it a tradition and they think they have to follow it because their families from the past use to practices it. The black box also symbolizes evil because it kills innocent people for ridiculous reasons. It ââ¬Å"embodies the evil acts that have been executed in the past and the ones to come.â⬠(1869) The stones in the story symbolize death because thatââ¬â¢s what they use to sacrifice the person that gets chosen when they do the lottery. ââ¬Å"A person still has the capacity to reason would be harshly awoken by the truth that he or she was in the act of killing an innocent person.â⬠In my own interpretation what this quote is saying that they makeShow MoreRelated Evidential Basis in Epistemic Justification Essay5302 Words à |à 22 Pagesthe notion of epistemic justification, since the publication of Edmund L. Gettiers article Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? in 1963. In this article Gettier introduces two counter-examples to the traditional tripartite account of knowledge, i.e. the standard analysis of knowledge: knowledge as justified true belief, and shows that these thr ee conditions, the truth condition, the belief condition, and the justification condition, are not sufficient even if they are necessary, and thereby they couldRead MoreThe Rime Of The Ancient Mariner2966 Words à |à 12 PagesRime? has seen was in its beginnings. It has its fair share of praise and criticism, praise given posthumously and criticism given while Coleridge was alive. Other than criticisms on the actual text, many people claim that Coleridge borrowed the ideas of others and used them. One must look past the criticisms and negative reviews on an author?s work in order to truly understand it. This would aid a reader in realizing ?Rime? is full of religious truths, subtly illustrating Coleridge?s religiousRead MoreA Popular American Topic On The 19th Century2982 Words à |à 12 Pagessoon be put forth and justify the oppression and disenfranchisement of the natives culture and territory. Alfred A. Cave takes a in depth look at the Jacksonian era as well as its administration and thus finds supporting evidence that helps prove the idea that Jackson abused his power to pass the removal act to ensure the America would expands its horizons. Since its unification the United States has seen a variety of presidents, each taking office with different political agendas. One that standsRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words à |à 405 PagesRegard ............................................... Opposition of the Enemy ............................................................... Church Complete in Christ ............................................................ CHAPTER 3 Fundamental Beliefs of Seventh-day Adventists ............................ 1 1 1 3 3 4 5 6 9 CHAPTER 4 Organization Founded on Divine Principles .................................. 21 Biblical Basis for Organization ................................................Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words à |à 1617 PagesPositive Change Consistent with our focus on promoting effective management practice, the material in these chapters provides guidance for a variety of contemporary management challenges, including: ââ¬Å"How can I help others accept new goals, new ideas, new approaches?â⬠ââ¬Å"How can I invigorate those who feel outdated and left behind?â⬠ââ¬Å"How do I help the ââ¬Ësurvivorsââ¬â¢ of a downsizing pick up the pieces and move on?â⬠ââ¬Å"How do I help people with very different agendas and philosophies work together, especially tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-80856490022531262112019-12-17T18:51:00.001-08:002019-12-17T18:51:03.990-08:00Poverty and Its Causes in Pakistan - 2152 Words Poverty and its causes In Pakistan Submitted by: Muhammad Ahmad Adil Submitted to: Ms. Mehwish Submitted date: 8th February 2012 Assignment Topic: Poverty In Pakistan Management sciences Department Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 2012 www.awkum.edu.pk February 8, 2010 Ms. Mehwish Teacher, Economy of Pakistan Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Madam I am herewith present my Assignment authorized by you as a requirement for this course. In this assignment, I have tried to provide updated information about Poverty In Pakistan. I hope I haveâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In a world of six billion people, one billion have 80 percent of the income and five billion have less than 20 percent. This issue of global imbalance is at the core of the challenge to scale up poverty reduction. Case of Pakistan: Poverty has many dimensions in Pakistan. People have not only low incomes but they also are suffering from lack of access over basic needs. The major challenge of today is poverty reduction. In Pakistan, Poverty Reduction Strategy was launched by the government in 2001 in response to the rising trend in poverty during 1990s. It consisted of the following five elements:- (a) Accelerating economic growth and maintaining macroeconomic stability. (b) Investing in human capital. (c) Augmenting targeted interventions. (d) Expanding social safety nets. (e) Improving governance. The net outcome of interactions among these five elements would be the expected reduction in transitory and chronic poverty on a sustained basis. The reduction in poverty and improvement in social indicators and living conditions of the society are being monitored frequently through large- scale household surveys in order to gauge their progress in meeting the targets set by Pakistan for achieving the seven UN Millennium Development Goals byShow MoreRelatedPoverty in Pakistan: Causes and Consequences1610 Words à |à 6 PagesPoverty, a multidimensional global phenomenon, as defined by World Bank is an income level below some minimum threshold deemed necessary to achieve basic needs. This minimum level is usually called the ââ¬Å"poverty lineâ⬠. The things required to satisfy basic needs are highly time and society dependent. Therefore, poverty lines vary from country to country as each country defines and sets the poverty line limit according to its o wn level of development, societal norms and values. But the contents of theRead MorePoverty in Afghanistan1663 Words à |à 7 Pagesproblems of poverty in Pakistan. Following are the list of some causes of occurring rapid increase of poverty in our country. - Increase in the rate of prices. - Load shedding reduced the production which result into unemployment. - Corruption and poverty. - Increase in road beggars due to shortage of money. - Pakistan is not a welfare state. A big question. - Lack of proper education causes increase at phenomenal rates. - Inflation rate in Pakistan. - Top ten richest people in Pakistan. Pakistan: Read MoreEradication Of Poverty And Poverty1381 Words à |à 6 PagesEradication of Poverty Part I: Background Poverty is widespread throughout the world, with around 20% of the entire population living on less than $1.25 per day. Everyday struggles for survival may include not having enough food for nourishment, no access to clean water, no proper shelter, lack of clothes, or no doctors and medicines. This lack of essential supplies and inability to improve one s life may be caused by a country s lack of resources. These countries either do not or cannot provideRead MoreCritical Situation of Poverty in Pakistan813 Words à |à 3 Pagesor her income level falls below some minimum level necessary to meet basic needs. This minimum level is usually called the poverty lineâ⬠.(Guenon n.d.) Keeping in mind the situation of Pakistan in last couple of years, the initiative has been taken by the Government of Pakistan which commits for better access to critical public services for the poor. In addition to the poverty reduction strategies prepared by the Government major improvements were required in education, health and other basic necessitiesRead MorePakist Child Health And Mortality1658 Words à |à 7 Pages04/28/15 Global Health Country Report Pakistan: Child Health and Mortality Introduction Since itââ¬â¢s separation from India in 1947, Pakistan steadily grew to a country with a population of about 184.35 million people in 2013, making it the sixth most populous country in the world (ââ¬Å"About Pakistanâ⬠). Pakistan is broken into four provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (ââ¬Å"About Pakistanâ⬠). Its capital is the city of Islamabad. While Pakistan has taken many steps to improve the stateRead MoreMore Than Half of the Population of Pakistan Is Food Insecured Despite Agricultural Growth.751 Words à |à 4 PagesHYPOTHESIS 1: More than half of the population of Pakistan is food insecured despite agricultural growth. The food security of a country is the availability of food in that country, and the peopleââ¬â¢s access to it.à It is often said, ââ¬Å"Food insecurity anywhere, threatens peace everywhereâ⬠. The term food security reflects the desire to eliminate hunger and malnutrition. The World Food Summit in 1996 defined food security as, ââ¬Å"when all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficientRead MoreList of Important Topics for Essays1583 Words à |à 7 Pagesformatted. 01. Dilemma of the water and energy crisis in Pakistan (2003) 02. Art critics and reviewers (2003) 03. Alleviation of poverty (2005) 04. Persecuted poor women (2005) 05. Foreign direct investment (F.D.I) in Pakistan (2006) 06. Global warming (2006) 07. Personalization of Pakistani politics (2006) 08. Formal and casual dressing codes (2003) 09. Liberalism (2006) 10. Existentialism (2003) 11. Socio-economic challenges faced by Pakistan (2005) 12. Islam versus the west (2005) 13. InternationalRead MoreInternational Ngos Working in Pakistan1168 Words à |à 5 PagesAsim Muneeb Khan, A.Hameed (MSC SOCIOLOGY 1st) International NGOs Working In Pakistan: Oxfam International Head office in Pakistan : House no.201, Street No.10, E-7, Islamabad. Phone No. : 051-2653341, 051-2653491 Working on: Community welfare, Social and Economic Development, , Education, Natural disasters, Democracy, Human rights, Climate change, Livelihoods, Health, HIV/AIDS, Gender equality, Poverty , Injustice. Etc. The Oxfam International Secretariat leads, facilitates, and supportsRead MoreResearch Paper On Child Labor1354 Words à |à 6 Pagesworldââ¬â¢s second largest population it also a home to the largest number of child labor in the world. Pakistan is a country with 182.1 million population and out of these peoples there are more than 30 million childrenââ¬â¢s from all age groups and out of these childrenââ¬â¢s there are more than 10 million childrenââ¬â¢s engaged in child labor, they are forced to do jobs that an adult feels difficulty doing it, Pakistan is one of those countries where childrenââ¬â¢s are doing the worst hazardous jobs. These two countriesRead MoreThe Natural Disasters1104 Words à |à 4 Pagespossesses kinetic energy and a mass of water which can cause devastation through kineticism and flooding. There is an international tsunami warning system and certain regional tsunami warning systems are also in placed. Pakistan is shielded to a greater extent from the Tsunami of the Pacific Ocean and Bay of Bengal due to the Indian land mass, however, Tsunamis accruing in the Indian Ocean do effect us. In 1935 a Tsunami struck the Pakistan coast killing nearly 4000 people. â⬠¢ Cyclone Cyclone is tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-27884442171205846122019-12-09T15:33:00.001-08:002019-12-09T15:33:03.838-08:00Transformational Leadership In Health Care ââ¬Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Transformational Leadership In Health Care? Answer: Introduction Leadership contributes to the successful growth of the organisation. The challenges opportunities are managed with the able leadership of the organisation. The leadership also contributes to the growth of the human resources of the organisation. The enhancement of skill, the growth of the culture of the organisation consistent learning is possible with the able leadership. It is a fact that the growth of the organisation depends on the vital contribution of the leaders the followers of it. The strategies of the management for the growth of the organisation are successfully implemented with the help of leaders and their ability to lead the people of the organisation. There are different styles of leadership used by the leaders to bring effective work environment. Concept and theories of leadership There are different theories of leadership that focus on the traits and attributes for a leader to become successful. Theory of Great Man states that leadership traits are intrinsic. The leaders are born leaders. A true leader rises when he or she confronts the correct situation. Trait theory of leadership focuses on the qualities of the leadership like intelligence, responsibilities, creativity values(Barr Dowding, 2016). The theory makes an analysis of the mental, physical social traits of the leader. The Behavioural theory focuses on the behaviour of the leader. It studies how a leader is able to behave when he or she deals with the task the people in an organisation. Contingency theory of leadership advocates that there are different ways to lead the people and these ways are based on the situation. The effects of the leader are found when the leader takes decisions differently in different situations. Transactional leadership theory advocates that there is always a need of developing a mutual reinforcing atmosphere. The focus of the theory is on the beneficial relationship between the leaders the followers(Drucker, 2014). The theory advocates that a leader follows both reward and punishment to manage the people in the organisation. The transformational leadership style advocates that the leader sets an example and motivates followers. The leader interacts with people in the organisation and leads them to work successfully. Style, attribute behaviour of different leadership style It is very important to define the importance of the effective leadership. The effective leadership does not focus on holding the authority in the organisation. A true leader always makes an assessment of all the works and the decision that he or she takes in the course of his or her work(Drucker, 2017). It is very important for a leader to see that the decisions taken by him or her are aligned with the objectives of the organisation. For the successful growth of the leadership, it is always important for a person to have a good personality. A good leader interacts with the followers of the organisation and the manner of interacting with the followers also determines the ability of an individual to lead the team(Fassin, et al., 2011). People from different thinking, cultures and well managed by a good leader. The leader becomes very creative and manages the people with appropriate ability in order to become successful in the workplace. An autocratic leader wants the followers to work as per the instruction is given to them. The autocratic leader wants to manage the employees of the organisation as per the decision made by him or her. The leader makes the people follow him or her and does not allow the employees to make an opinion on his style of decision-making. A democratic leader is different from an autocratic leader. The leader allows the followers to take part in the decision-making process and contributes to their opinion and skills. The contribution of the employees is found in the strategic development of the organisation. A transactional leader leads the people of the organisation through his or her involvement in the activities of the organisation. The leader follows reward and punishment policy to motivate people to work in the workplace. The transformational leader is an inspirational leader and the leader sets the example before the followers to get motivated. The employees of the organisation are inspired by the leader. The employees get motivated and the transformational leader develops the ability of the people in the organisation. The transformational leader becomes visionary, good in communication, responsible, competent and has the problem-solving ability. The leader believes in self-esteem and discipline(Gentile, 2012). The empathy skill of the leader enhances values of the team performance. The goals of the organisation are achieved when the transformational leader leads the people in the correct direction. Importance of leadership qualities for managers The leader possess different qualities and these qualities help the leader to lead people in the correct direction for the fulfilment of the goals and objectives of the organisation(Gellis, 2001). The following are the different qualities that are used by the leader of the organisation to manage the challenges and opportunities to achieve the strategic objectives of the organisation. Vision The leader of an organisation is a man of vision. The vision of the organisation is set by the leader aligning his or her vision. The strategy that has been formulated by the leader is followed by the people in the organisation(Hughes Wearing, 2007). The most important activities of a leader are to communicate the strategic plan to the people in the organisation so that people remain aware of that. Good Communication skill A good leader communicates with the people appropriately. The people of the organisation are communicated the aim of the organisation and the ways the people should work to achieve the goals of the organisation(Luu, et al., 2008). The communication helps the people to get motivated and to use their skills for the development of the organisation. Motivation Motivating people in the correct direction is an ability of the leader. The leader sometimes takes the help of reward and punishment to motivate the people to perform their duties and responsibilities. The people perform well when they are motivated well. Interpersonal skill The leader of the organisation always tries to build cooperation and coordination among the people of the organisation. The leader tries to establish the healthy relationship among the employees. The people perform well when they work together as a team. Thus developing interpersonal skill is an important quality of the leader. Problem-solving quality The leader possesses problem-solving attitude. In the organisation, we come across many types of issues and problems. These issues are required to be solved unless the success of the organisation is not possible. The leader manages the issues with his problem-solving skills. Decision-making ability A good leader is a good decision maker. The leader takes an appropriate decision at the time of need. The leader involves people in the organisation to contribute their skills and experiences(Sanborn, 2016). The aim of the leader is to take the good decision so that the goals of the organisation will be achieved. Application of leadership in practice in teams in an organisation The leader of the organisation should be very sensible and sensitive. The development of a team and the performance of the team depend on the way leader lead the people. The leader knows the ability of the team members and encourages them to perform best of their abilities.The leader leads a team like a transformational leader. The leader builds trust and friendship among the people so that the team will work effectively(Velsor, et al., 2010). The leader remains very transparent and takes the decision as per the need of the organisation. The leader focuses on the best utilisation of the skills and experience of the team members. The leader knows that the combined efforts of the people in the organisation can only bring success in the organisation. The team building attitude is very important for the leader. The leader of the organisation always focuses on establishing the good culture in the organisation. The leader establishes the culture of the organisation that aligns with the set of beliefs, values and faith of the people in the organisation. The employees of the organisation accept the culture of the organisation when they feel that the culture of the organisation helps them to work independently and they have the freedom to use their skills and expertise in the workplace(Luu, et al., 2008). It is important for the leader of the organisation to focuses on good culture for the organisation. The practice of good leadership is found in the organisation when the leader of the organisation acts sensibly during the change in the organisation. The strategic plan is formulated by the organisation and the plan is changed as per the organisation needs. The people in the organisation do not accept the change if they are not satisfied with the change initiative. They need to know the cause of the change and how the change will contribute to the growth of the organisation(Reich, 2000). The leader of the organisation uses the skills to motivate people. The leader makes the people know the need of the change for the growth of the organisation. This motivates people to accept the change. Assessment of my leadership skills and the areas I need to improve I have earned that a good leader works on a certain philosophy. The leader follows the philosophy and works effectively. I understand that a leader requires knowing the different leadership styles so that he or she can use them in different situations. As a leader I understand that I will behave like a democratic leader, a visionary leader, a transaction leader or a transformational leader and all these styles will be used as per the demand of the situation. I understand that I need to be a transformational leader as it is very important to manage people in different situations. The complex situations will be easily handled by me if I develop my problem-solving ability. I will be able to take the appropriate decision when I will know understand the perceptions and expectations of the people in the organisation. A true leader should also motivate the employees by fulfilling their individual needs. A satisfied worker gives his or her complete efforts for the growth of the organisation. Thus as a leader, I must try to satisfy my fellow workers so that the objectives of my organisation will be accomplished. As a student, I have learnt about the need of developing leadership skills to manage people in the organisation. The knowledge I get about the leadership skills will be helpful to utilise in the working place. It is also very important to know how to manage the people in the diverse culture. I have learnt that I need to be very empathetic to my followers and I will try to motivate people to achieve their goals. The areas I feel very important for me to develop are the development of the interpersonal skills, decision-making skills and problem-solving skills. All these three skills are very important for the leader of the organisation. I will develop all these qualities in order become a successful leader. Conclusion Leadership is an ability to inspire the people to work for the achievement of the goals of the organisation. A true leader motivates people to work and contribute their expertise to the development of the organisation. The appropriate decision of the leader keeps the people work without any worries and anxiety. The good culture also helps the employees to be very productive in the workplace. The problem-solving attitudes and interpersonal skills are very important for the leader. I understand that in order to be very successful in my workplace as a leader I need to develop my skills and should know how and where I should use the different styles of leadership. I must act like a visionary leader and lead the people in the correct direction. I will focus on establishing good work culture among the team members and motivate all to work collectively. This will help me to be a successful leader. References Barr, J. Dowding, L., 2016. Leadership in Health Care, 3rd Edition. London: SAGE Publication. Drucker, P., 2014. Leadership vs. Management. [Online] Available at: https://www.diffen.com/difference/Leadership_vs_Management [Accessed 21 09 2017]. Drucker, P., 2017. Managerial Point of view. [Online] Available at: http;//solaas.com.ar/harald/en/liderazgo2 [Accessed 21 09 2017]. Fassin, Y., Van, R. A. Buelens, M., 2011. Small business owner-managers perceptions of business ethics and CSR-related concepts. J Bus Ethics, 98(3), pp. 425-453. Gellis, Z. D., 2001. Social work perceptions of transformational and transactional leadership in health care. Social Work Research, vol.25. no. 1, pp. 17-25. Gentile, M. C., 2012. Values-driven leadership development: Where we have been and where we could could go. Organisation management Journal, pp. 188-196. Hughes, M. Wearing, M., 2007. Organsiations and Management in Socila Work. Los Angels: sage. Kouzes, J. Posner, B., 2008. The Leadership Challenge: The Leadership Practcies Inventory. San Francisco: CA: Jossey- Bass. Luu, V. T., Kim, S. Y. Huynh, T. A., 2008. Improving project management performance of large contractors using. International Journal of Project Management,, 256(7), pp. 758-769. Mintzberg, H., 2009. Managing. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler. Qureshi, T. M. Warraich, A. S., 2009. Significance of project management performance assessment. International Journal of Project Management, Volume 27, pp. 378-388. Reich, R., 2000. The future of sucess: Working and living in the new economy. New York: Alfred Knopf. Sanborn, M., 2016. 9 Difference Between Managers and Leaders. [Online] Available at: https://www.marksanborn.com/blog/9-differences-between-managers-and-leaders/# [Accessed 21 09 2017]. Velsor, V., McCuley Ruderman, 2010. Developing of Leaders. In: The Center for Creative Leadership handbook of leadership development. San Francisco,: Jossey Bass. tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-14135047937851451412019-12-02T03:15:00.001-08:002019-12-02T03:15:04.302-08:00Racial Discrimination Madison Community an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays byRacial Discrimination Madison Community Introduction Racial discrimination, ethnicity, sectarian violence, religious animosity, tribal clashes and nepotism are rampant forms of racial segregation in most communities. Where such kinds of vices are common, civil strife and animosity are manifested, and often-bloody clashes and tensions result. For peace to prevail in any given community tolerance amongst the different races in a given community is required. Barker, 2005. In addition the law enforcement agencies are required to keep vigilant as traces of racial strife still manifest themselves in my community. In this autobiographical paper I will discuss the challenges facing the Madison Community in terms of racial relations. Need essay sample on "Racial Discrimination Madison Community" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Our Customers Very Often Tell Us:Who wants to write paper for me?Professional writers suggest: We Write All Kinds Of PapersCustom Essay Order Best Essay Writing Service Review Cheapest Essay Writing Service Paper Writing Service I am a white living in Madison area, my community is predominantly white. There are however many race related problems in the Madison Community. The community of Madison Community is comprised of several races. About 80%, of the total population of my community comprise of whites. Therefore, the whites constitute majority of the residents in Madison. African Americans constitute approximately 11% of the Madison community, while Asians constitute about 8% of the total population. The other races which comprise the Madison Community include; American Indians about 1% and others which comprise of about 3.0%. The whites being the majority have at sometimes been accused of being discriminatory to the racial minorities, mainly the African Americans and American Indians. In Madison Community, opportunities in the social arena, political arena, educational opportunities and even economic opportunities have largely been disproportionate and based on race and ethnicity. Clearly, in the Madison Community, racial minorities have continued to be treated differently and unfairly. Where this happens, corrective action has been taken and culprits subjected to legal procedures, this shows that, despite presence of racial discrimination, efforts are being put at the community level to fight the problem. Racial minorities have been discriminated against for a very long time in almost all spheres of social life. Racial marginalization in the Madison is manifested in many ways and especially in the resource allocation. In other procession has the racial minorities been so underrepresented. The anomalies in racial minorities representation in many sectors such as education, and in the employment especially in professions such as law, dentistry and medicine in the my community has been occasioned by amongst other factors, social-cultural factors which impede the development of such communities. Albert and Ronald. 1990 The above can also be accounted for by the seemingly low entry in such schools such as law and medical. The above situation can be termed as pathetic on account of the fact that racial minorities constitute well above 20 percent of the American population. It makes a lot of sense to have every race represented well in aspect. Racism is still common in USA although it has significant dropped compared to the 1960s. Barker, 2005. Against such a background, it makes sense to have one of their own (the racists minorities) to represent them in all spheres of life. The surest way to guarantee fairness in the American society is the equal representation of race and ethnicity in the legal profession. The under representation needs to be addressed right from the community level, and every one, the leaders, the community members from various racial groups as well as the government agents must be well represented. The institutions of learning as well as agencies of the government such as the criminal justice department can play a big role by ensuring that they admit more and more minority group members into the institutions such as; schools which will eventually see such groups discriminated against. The US census bureau 2005, mentions Africans- Americans as well as the Hispanics as the largest minority groups. The understanding of the racial representation disparities is crucial in the issue of under presentation. Another problem being witnessed in my community is that, one race (the whites), control all the key sectors including the economy, political leadership as well as the administration in my community. This implies that, the whites control the resources and opportunities available. Consequently, the discrepancies result into skewed distribution of wealth. Poverty amongst the racial minorities has become evident and rampant as a result of the inequalities. Social capital theories associate the under presentation with the position of such groups at the bottom of the social economic ladder. Brown, 1931. This makes them be closed from outer world and therefore unable to access some privilege and opportunities compared to whites who in terms of social economic factors something which highly increases their chances of joining top notch careers. To solve the above problem in my community, there is a need for exposing of more minority group members to diverse networks. The under presentation witnessed in my community has been occasioned by the deficiency the racial minorities themselves posses in terms of high likely hood of the members of the racial minorities to drop from school compared to the whites. There is a need for affirmative action which will result into more minority groups members gaining equal access to opportunities such as in; health and education, hence increasing chances of a more balanced society. Social life in Madison Community has been boosted in that all residents regardless of their race have an access to common religious meeting places. In addition, recreational facilities are free to everyone regardless of their race. Although there is a high crime rate in Madison Community, the communities live in harmony and rarely are any incidences of racially motivated crime reported. There is a need for law enforcers to be firm in their implementation of the federal anti-discrimination laws so as to promote a mutually beneficial interracial existence. Such efforts in Madison Community have constituted the establishment of the Madison Community human rights and human services community groups that is solely concerned with resolving racially motivated human rights in the Madison area. This program has proved to be an effective way of promoting co-existence in the Madison Community. There is also a need for more programs from both the state and federal governments to such as race-based hiring quotas and race-based education programs. Although the above can be a cause for bias towards the white majority, it is nevertheless a right step towards correcting the racial discrimination currently being experienced in Madison Community. The leadership in my community is comprised of leaders from different racial background. However most of the leaders are whites given the fact that about 80% of the community members are white. Unlike in the past when leaders would openly downplay racial discrimination, today things are different and the leadership is keen to eradicate racial discrimination from the community. The leadership of the community continues to address the racial discrimination issue in that every time such cases are reported the leadership is committed to applying justice and condemning the act openly. This has been very helpful in the fight against racial discrimination in that leaders are viewed by many as role models and people are more likely to obey what they perceive as being the wishes of the leaders. If I were a leader in my Madison community I would put in place the following measures to eliminate all forms of racial discrimination, which continues to threaten the peaceful coexistence of members of my community. My winning strategy would involve; ensuring a discrimination-free community. I would also set up a special committee comprising of members from all races to investigate all cases and allegations of racial discrimination reported in my community. I would also start programs that would aim at creating public awareness in learning institutions and other institutions which is rampant in Madison. In spite of the efforts from the leadership in the community to fight racial discrimination, the vice continues to be manifested in the daily lives of people. I interviewed Debra who is an a Latino, about her efforts to secure a chance at a community college. The lady complained that despite the fact that she had all the relevant qualifications, she passed her admission test well but it has been over 2 years now and she has not heard back from the college. She suspects it is a case of racial discrimination since most of her colleagues from other racial backgrounds with whom they applied together have received a feedback from the college. Debra is worried because she was denied admission to the college. She is now worried that her dream profession. She blames all her misfortunes on what she terms as deep rooted racial discrimination in Madison Community. Debras case is an indication that a lot needs to be done in order to fight racial discrimination, tension and suspicions that exists in the Madison Community. Despite the isolated cases such as those cited above the residents of Madison community have continued to collaborate in many areas irrespective of racial backgrounds. There are many joint community projects whereby members participate regardless of ones race. There is a growing evidence that any member of the community can apply and get a job in any place in Madison as long as one possess basic qualifications. There are many interracial marriages happening, which all point to the fact that, the society needs the society is improving in terms of racial relations. In terms of the texts addressing the racial discrimination issue, there are many scholars from all races that have addressed the issue of racial discrimination. For instance, to carry out this research I referred to articles written by whites who condemn the vice. No single author seemed to support racial discrimination, a good indicator that this war is close to being won. Of all means of fighting racial discrimination the media is a strong avenue. In Madison Community, the media has shown great responsibility and professionalism. Most programmes aired are sensitive to all races. The FM stations and the print media have all shown commitment to diffusing racial tensions where they suffice and have tended to promote racial co-existence. Conclusion Efforts should be made to investigate all cases that are reported on racial discrimination. Where one is found guilty, proper legal steps should be taken to address the matter. More stringent laws should be introduced to fight remnants of racial discrimination. The Madison community is on the right track in terms of inter-racial relations, if the ongoing efforts are continued, racial discrimination shall be totally eliminated in the community in the foreseeable future. No meaningful peace in the community shall be realized for as long as there is a problem with interracial relations. References Albert, Peter J. and Ronald Hoffman. 1990. We Shall Overcome: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Black Freedom Struggle. New York: Pantheon Books in cooperation with the United States Capitol Historical Society Barker, Emily. 2005. True Colors: not all diversity is created equal. Minority Law Journal. Erickson, Bowne H. 1996. Culture, Class and Connections. American Journal of sociology. Vol. tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-73485787984308199262019-11-26T22:18:00.001-08:002019-11-26T22:18:04.194-08:00Free Essays on Nations Voting ProceduresThe article that I chose for my current events paper came from The New York Times, on September 6, 2002. The title of the article is ââ¬Å"Bill to Overhaul System of Voting Is Seen in Dangerâ⬠. It was written by Bill Pear. ââ¬Å"Efforts to pass a bill that would clean up the nationââ¬â¢s voting procedures were falling apart as Partisan disagreements grew with the approach of fall elections.â⬠Bipartisan majorities of the House and the Senate voted for different versions of the Legislation, intended to prevent ballot disputes. Among other things, the bills would provide money to help states buy new voting machines. The version of the bill supported by Republicans would establish identification requirements for first time voters who registered by mail. Such voters would have to present a photo identification such as a Driverââ¬â¢s License or a Social Security card before being permitted to vote. Democrats supported a version of the bill requiring only a signature on a form at the polls. Democrats said proposed requirements by Republicans could discourage participation by blacks and Hispanic Americans. Both versions of the bill would require states to maintain computerized lists of registered voters. Also, voters would have to have a way to verify selections, change their ballots and to correct errors, and voting places must be accessible to people with disabilities. Republicans and Democrats disagree greatly over how to enforce new standards. Republicans would like the responsibility to lie solely with the Justice Department, while Democrats want individuals and civil rights groups to be able to file suits to halt violations. It is a scary thought that our government canââ¬â¢t agree on a simple issue such as voting. This is the kind of rhetoric that creates distrust of the government. If I go to Wal-Mart and purchase an oil change, I am handed a portable computer on which I choose the type of oil I would like, additions to the service, and I us... Free Essays on Nation's Voting Procedures Free Essays on Nation's Voting Procedures The article that I chose for my current events paper came from The New York Times, on September 6, 2002. The title of the article is ââ¬Å"Bill to Overhaul System of Voting Is Seen in Dangerâ⬠. It was written by Bill Pear. ââ¬Å"Efforts to pass a bill that would clean up the nationââ¬â¢s voting procedures were falling apart as Partisan disagreements grew with the approach of fall elections.â⬠Bipartisan majorities of the House and the Senate voted for different versions of the Legislation, intended to prevent ballot disputes. Among other things, the bills would provide money to help states buy new voting machines. The version of the bill supported by Republicans would establish identification requirements for first time voters who registered by mail. Such voters would have to present a photo identification such as a Driverââ¬â¢s License or a Social Security card before being permitted to vote. Democrats supported a version of the bill requiring only a signature on a form at the polls. Democrats said proposed requirements by Republicans could discourage participation by blacks and Hispanic Americans. Both versions of the bill would require states to maintain computerized lists of registered voters. Also, voters would have to have a way to verify selections, change their ballots and to correct errors, and voting places must be accessible to people with disabilities. Republicans and Democrats disagree greatly over how to enforce new standards. Republicans would like the responsibility to lie solely with the Justice Department, while Democrats want individuals and civil rights groups to be able to file suits to halt violations. It is a scary thought that our government canââ¬â¢t agree on a simple issue such as voting. This is the kind of rhetoric that creates distrust of the government. If I go to Wal-Mart and purchase an oil change, I am handed a portable computer on which I choose the type of oil I would like, additions to the service, and I us... tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-69070430799174646192019-11-23T05:52:00.001-08:002019-11-23T05:52:02.998-08:00Geographic Facts About OregonGeographic Facts About Oregon Oregon is a state located in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is north of California, south of Washington and west of Idaho. Oregon has a population of 3,831,074 people (2010 estimate) and a total area of 98,381 square miles (255,026 sq km). It is most known for its diverse landscape that includes a rugged coastline, mountains, dense forests, valleys, high desert and large cities such as Portland. Oregon Fast Facts Population: 3,831,074 (2010 estimate)Capital: SalemLargest City: PortlandArea: 98,381 square miles (255,026 sq km)Highest Point: Mount Hood at 11,249 feet (3,428 m) Interesting Info to Know About the State of Oregon Scientists believe that humans have inhabited the region of present-day Oregon for at least 15,000 years. The area was not mentioned in recorded history however until the 16th century when Spanish and English explorers spotted the coast. In 1778 Captain James Cook mapped part of Oregonââ¬â¢s coast while on a journey looking for the Northwest Passage. In 1792 Captain Robert Gray discovered the Columbia River and claimed the region for the United States.In 1805 Lewis and Clark explored the Oregon region as part of their expedition. Seven years later in 1811 John Jacob Astor established a fur depot called Astoria near the mouth of the Columbia River. It was the first permanent European settlement in Oregon. By the 1820s the Hudsonââ¬â¢s Bay Company became the dominant fur traders in the Pacific Northwest and it established a headquarters at Fort Vancouver in 1825. In the early 1840s, Oregonââ¬â¢s population grew considerably as the Oregon Trail brought many new settlers into th e region.ââ¬â¹In the late 1840s, the United States and British North America had a dispute about where the border between the two would be. In 1846 the Oregon Treaty set the border at the 49th parallel. In 1848 the Oregon Territory was officially recognized and on February 14, 1859, Oregon was admitted into the Union. Today Oregon has a population of over 3 million people and its largest cities are Portland, Salem, and Eugene. It has a relatively strong economy that depends on agriculture and various high-tech industries as well as natural resource extraction. The major agricultural products of Oregon are grain, hazelnuts, wine, assorted types of berries and seafood products. Salmon fishing is a major industry in Oregon. The state is also home to large companies such as Nike, Harry and David and Tillamook Cheese.Tourism is also a major part of Oregonââ¬â¢s economy with the coast being a major travel destination. The stateââ¬â¢s large cities are also tourist destinations. Crater Lake National Park, the only national park in Oregon, averages about 500,000 visitors per year.As of 2010, Oregon had a population of 3,831,074 people and a population density of 38.9 people per square mile (15 people per square kilometer). Most of the stateââ¬â¢s population, however, are clustered around the Portl and metropolitan area and along the Interstate 5/ Willamette Valley corridor. Oregon, along with Washington and sometimes Idaho, is considered a part of the United Statesââ¬â¢ Pacific Northwest and it has an area of 98,381 square miles (255,026 sq km). It is famous for its rugged coastline that stretches 363 miles (584 km). The Oregon coast is divided into three regions: the North Coast that stretches from the mouth of the Columbia River to Neskowin, the Central Coast from Lincoln City to Florence and the South Coast that stretches from Reedsport to the stateââ¬â¢s border with California. Coos Bay is the largest city on the Oregon coast.Oregonââ¬â¢s topography is highly varied and consists of mountainous regions, large valleys such as the Willamette and Rogue, high elevation desert plateau, dense evergreen forests as well as redwood forests along the coast. The highest point in Oregon is Mount Hood at 11,249 feet (3,428 m). It should be noted that Mount Hood, like most of the other tall mountains in Oregon, is a part of the Cascade Mountain Range à a volcanic range stretching from northern California into British Columbia, Canada. In general Oregonââ¬â¢s varied topography is normally divided into eight different regions. These regions consist of the Oregon Coast, the Willamette Valley, the Rogue Valley, the Cascade Mountains, the Klamath Mountains, the Columbia River Plateau, the Oregon Outback and the Blue Mountains ecoregion.Oregonââ¬â¢s climate varies throughout the state but it is generally mild with cool summers and cold winters. The coastal regions are mild to cool year round while eastern Oregonââ¬â¢s high desert areas are hot in the summer and cold in the winter. High mountain areas such as the region around Crater Lake National Park have mild summers and cold, snowy winters. Precipitation generally occurs year-round in much of Oregon. Portlandââ¬â¢s average January low temperature is 34.2ÃÅ¡F (1.2ÃÅ¡C) and its average July high temperature is 79ÃÅ¡F (26ÃÅ¡C). tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-10224092148517092932019-11-21T04:19:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:19:17.805-08:00Techniques in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Meetings Term PaperTechniques in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Meetings - Term Paper Example These signs indicate that companies must reform their strategies in dealing with important matters through meeting. This paper aims to discuss the techniques that companies must employ in improving the effectiveness of meetings. Techniques to Improve Meetings Use Meetings to Fit the Purpose Henkel asserts that the purpose of the meeting defines what types of the meeting to be used, managed, or developed. Meetings could have different purposes such as reporting, presentation, problem-solving, and decision-making. The decision whether to use nominal groups, brainstorming, or technology depends on the leader after the identification of the purpose. Nominal group is intended for encouraging the involvement of participants in the meeting. Each participant writes suggestions, idea, and opinion on the subject of discussion. Then, the ideas are discussed within the group. Moreover, comments are also shared to determine other points. However, the limitation of this structured meeting is only applicable when the topic is a general idea, which every person can relate or contribute valuable information (Henkel 33). Brainstorming is another type of meeting wherein people convene to gather suggestions and comments in facilitating discussion. Brainstorming is necessary when dealing with a complex situation or issue that needs analytical, creative, and practical ideas. This type of meeting also encourages individuals to speak up and defend their ideas (Henkel 34). Technology aids companies in communicating information and concerns with employees. Email ensures that participants have the time to think and analyze the question before answering. This provides convenience for companies with a huge number of employees because email can send message one at a time. Aside from email, companies use online group message and instant messaging in conducting a meeting so that members can share their thoughts, opinions, and suggestions. Moreover, virtual meeting serves as an option for lead ers who prefer the flexibility. They can reach various people in different locations and motivate cooperation among members (Henkel 35-39). Setting of Goals and Objectives/Agenda During the pre-preparation of meeting, leaders have acknowledged the importance of setting agenda to direct the flow of the meeting. This is essential in ensuring the effectiveness of the meeting because it lists action points that must be covered. Based on Shessel, clear goals and objectives are the reasons for achieving success in meetings. Meetings take time, so developing agenda avoids too much spending on similar subject with no sense of direction. Furthermore, the goals and objectives serve as marking points to determine the efficacy and efficiency of meetings (Streibel 16). Indicate People, Time, and Place It is notable that meeting incorporates the exchanges of ideas, feedback, or suggestion; hence, it needs knowledgeable and appropriate people who can give insights and opinions. Meeting does not me an that leaders will just call for participants who are available, but its techniques also evolve in choosing the right workforce. Henkel affirms that people have a ââ¬Å"direct impact on what happens and how much is accomplishedâ⬠(45). Thus, if the leader secures the attendance of inappropriate people, the tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-57746553731070812842019-11-19T19:06:00.001-08:002019-11-19T19:06:02.986-08:00Telecommunication in Health Care Research PaperTelecommunication in Health Care - Research Paper Example The use of free space to transmit this information from the transmitter to the receiver is called wireless communication. However, the communication industry has developed to take place to more than two people. This editorial looks at the telecommunication industry in the nursing sector, the advantages, disadvantages, and importance of telecommunication in health care. According to Antai-Otong (2007), telecommunication has over the years developed to be part of the health industry. In the recent years, telecommunications have advanced to the extent that cinematographic and digital data can be conveyed to and from faraway locations around the world. It involves taking care of medical patients by giving them the required medical care in order to recover. In most cases, the nurses are nondependent health professionals and follow recommendations given by doctors. However, they both use given medical equipment to provide these essential services. One of the most used equipment is the tele metry monitoring. This involves the monitoring and analyzing of data, which is received from a long distance. It also encompasses monitoring the heart activities of patients in hospitals. In addition, Telemetryà monitoring is also used to the manner in which info is received from spacecraft and orbiting satellites. Telemetryà monitoring functions the same way as cardiac monitoring with the exception being that the patient is close-fitted with a transmitter that sends the information to the hospital area in which theà telemetryà monitoring occurs. The use of telemonitoring in hospitals has various advantages as well as disadvantages in the medical sector. One of the main advantages is that it allows the patients to get around and move around the hospital but within the transmitters range (Mastrian, 2011). This is more advantageous to patients that are confined to hospital beds and allows the gadget to monitor their heart activities while making movements. However, this techni que is faced by certain controversies and most health professionals are against its use. One of the main reasons is that the gadget is often overused. However, the use of telemonitoring technique has been of high value to some patients mainly those undergoing a somaticà rehabilitation process. This is because it allows patients whose recovery relies on movement to follow that recovery efficiently, without their medical doctors partaking to give up the aptitude to monitor their heart. Ball (2010) notes that telecommunication in the nursing sector has various advantages as well as disadvantages. One of the advantages is that electronic communication has been an advantage to nurses across the world through lending them the privilege to communicate to patients, which enable them to identify the real course of the patientââ¬â¢s problem. In addition, it enables quick diagnose of the patients problem thus saving time for the nurse and the patient.à Moreover, telecommunication has en abled quick response of the nurses to the patients in the emergency segments of hospitals such as the ambulance response unit. In addition, the modern health equipment has been of great advantage to nurses since they are able to track down the medical records of patients in hospitals. This has been facilitated by the proper and modernized health keeping records that is recommended by the federal government. This in turn enables the nurses to identify the right medication of patients and identify various side tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-77196442311288406092019-11-17T07:37:00.001-08:002019-11-17T07:37:03.489-08:00Drinking and driving Essay Example for Free Drinking and driving Essay On Jan.8, 2002, President Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) that became the education-reform bill. The No Child Left Behind is most sweeping education-reform bill since 1965 that made changes to the the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. The No Child Left Behind plays a big part in the lifeââ¬â¢s of students, parents, teachers, and the future of the educational system. ââ¬Å"No longer content to provide access to education for traditionally extended students populations, we are now demanding that these students receive equally good educations. â⬠In other words, administrations are now demanding equality of quality. President Bush thinks that all students are title to high quality education, treated equal, fair, and to be safe while at school. The No Child Left Behind places significant responsibilities on state educational agencies, school districts, principals, and the teachers. ââ¬Å"In 2002 the federal government returned to the force front in potentially historic fashion.â⬠With the passage of No Child Left Behind, supported by bipartism majorities in Congress, the nation committed itself to the achievement of every student in America. The No Child Left Behind in the federal system the United States for every education state and school districts fail to meet the requirements of No Child Left Behind Act that will be held accountable, with the opportunity to improve their down fall. Each state makes their own standards for what a child should know and learn for grades, for math and reading the standards should be developed first. Every student should be tested by the standards. All school districts should make adequate yearly progress toward meeting their state standards. Schools that fail need all the support they can get to improve their progress. The school or District shall come up with an idea thatââ¬â¢s going to meet all necessary to make higher goals. The No Child Left Behind has a standardize by making sure that all teachers were high. The No CLB Act has In the article (Teacherââ¬â¢s Views on No child left behind) teachers was the no child left behind law ââ¬Å"The federal legislation provides considerable discretion to states that can develop their own academic content standards, choose the tests they will administer, and specify the minimum scores students must obtain to be declared ââ¬Å"proficientâ⬠. The no child left behind law increased the attention to many schools that pay to academic achievement and to disadvantage children that make it better. ââ¬Å"As a result, the skills, and knowledge of the subgroups of children that historically have not increased as rapidly under many state tests would suggest. Second, no child left behind has increased the efforts of schools scores, third, adequate yearly progress rules; some states increased the migration of experienced teachers out of school serving high concentrations of low ââ¬â performing students. No child left behind represents that parents of students who are attending title I schools are given the option to transfer their students to another school in the district for improvement status, If a student requested to be transferred shall be allowed to transfer. The No Child Left Behind, has two new educational options, -supplemental educational services and school choice for title I schools for restricting, improvement, and corrective action by the options depends on parental decisions. Parents will know their student assessments. If the school needs improvement the parent will be informed. Conclusion: The No Child Left Behind Act is great. Every child should have the right to receive an education, and be safe while in school. There so many jobs and opportunities will be required to have a college degree in order for a student to have success in life they need an education. The No Child Left Behind Act helps and gives students the impossible they did not have. The Noà Child Left Behind made school districts accountability achievement. ON January 8, 2002 President Bush signed the No Child Left Behind (NCLB), Act the reform bill improves studentââ¬â¢s goals on the state- wide testing, and The No Child Left Behind has admirable goal of improvement in the educational system. President Bush thinks that no child should be left behind and that all children are entitled to education, treated fair and to be safe. No matter what the student is, their race, where they live, they should be entitled to an equal education. Referencesââ¬â¢ Abernathy, S. (2007). No child left behind and the public schools {electronic resource} / Scott Franklin Abernathy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, c2007. Michigan Press. In 2001 the author researcher at Ann Arbor: University of President George W. Bushââ¬â¢s education reform legislation, the no child left behind act (H.R. 1). Testing and accotability provisions Chubb, J.E. (2009). Learning from no child left behind {electronic resource}: how and why the nationââ¬â¢s most important but The Author research stand ford, California. : hoover institution Murnane, R., Papay, J. (2010). Teacherââ¬â¢s views on no child left behind: support for the principles, concerns about the practices. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24(3), 151- 166 Programs, all other Miscellaneous Schools Believes that the school should not be accountable for teaching all children well. The No child left behind is to improve all studentsââ¬â¢ performance. Put studentsââ¬â¢ performance in data gives the parents opportunity to see the childââ¬â¢s performance. Students that attend low-performing schools start to develop discipline issues, their want to be transferred to a better ââ¬â performing school. School that doesnââ¬â¢t need their goals will offer including free tutoring, and after school instruction. Randolph, K., Wilson ââ¬â Younger, D. (2012). â⬠Is No Child Left Behind Effective For All Students?â⬠Parents donââ¬â¢t think so. Online submission. The authorââ¬â¢s researchers Database: ERIC. Since the No child left behind is to discuss the advantage of the core requirements for its implementation. Parents have concerns whether the children are really learning. Zimmer, R., Gill, B., Raquin, Booker, K., Lockwood, J., Department of education, w.c (2007). State and Local Implementation of the ââ¬Å"No Child Left Behindâ⬠(N ls-ââ¬Å"nclbâ⬠). The author researchers us department ofà education. The key component the no child left behind for the parent children that were attending title I school options for corrective action, improvement, failure achieve toward meeting state standards. tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7379661536835797032.post-7937915937876542272019-11-14T20:08:00.001-08:002019-11-14T20:08:02.922-08:00The Ideal Leading me to Study Law Essay -- Law College Admissions Essa The Ideal Leading me to Study Law The war in the former Yugoslavia is an intensely personal matter for me. I had, for some time, been more aware of the strife in Croatia than many of my peers. My family is originally from Zagreb. As the war progressed, my parents worried about relatives and friends whom they could no longer reach. My father gave up his medical practice in the summer of 1991 to volunteer his medical skills in Zagreb. Throughout this time, I struggled between my sense of responsibility to my relatives and "homeland" and my comfortable life as an American college student. Concentrating on classes and career plans became less important as the war progressed. As I read my father's letters during my senior year detailing the horrible conditions in Croatia, my grades went into a shameful decline. But my heart was nowhere near a textbook; it was at my father's side helping the victims of this international travesty. I didn't even look for a "career option" in the United States. Instead, I sought a volunteer job, sponsored by the University of Zagreb, rebuilding homes destroyed in the conflict and teaching English. Croatia provided a hot blast of reality. During my first week in Krasic, the village where I was assigned, I watched Croatian teens yelling "Cetnik!" (Serbian nationalists during WWII) pelt an elderly woman, who lived in the village for over fifty years, with rocks. Until then, I had never seen such overt and utter hatred, but I learned that such events occurred frequently in the village. Sadly, in a few months all the non-Croatian villagers were forced to leave for Serbia or Bosnia, countries that they did not consider home yet knew were safer for them. I remain... ...equired that, raised one way, I learn another. The lessons I learned, however, go beyond personal growth. I now know that justice is not a passive condition. It is not an intellectual concept. Rather, it is an active and practical application of values by people dealing with real problems affecting individuals at the most essential level. That is the ideal leading me to law school. I learned in Croatia that our current social and political problems run deep, and addressing them requires sophisticated legal skills as well as zeal and compassion. I think my father was right in saying that one can accomplish more with greater education, and that I was right in going to help when I needed to. But now I need to return to the classroom, knowing that I can accomplish more if I return in three years with the skills needed to achieve even more than I already have. tenvatisur1989http://www.blogger.com/profile/11845990781031585650noreply@blogger.com0